MindMap Gallery Medicine-Structure and Function of Nucleic Acid
This is a mind map about the structure and function of nucleic acids, including the spatial structure and function of DNA, RNA spatial structure and function, Physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-27 16:52:03This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Structure and function of nucleic acids
The spatial structure and function of DNA
primary structure
Nucleotide sequence from 5' to 3' end
secondary structure
Double helix structure resembling a "staircase"
Composed of two polynucleotide strands
antiparallel
complementary pairing between two strands
One helix has 10.5 base pairs, and the base pair spacing is 0.34nm.
The hydrophilic backbone embeds the hydrophobic complementary bases within the double helix structure
Base stacking force generated between base pair planes
DNA double stranded coil Fold into high-level structures
Prokaryotic
Nucleoid: small circular DNA
eukaryotic
Basic unit: nucleosome
Octamer structure (two each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4)
Connection structure: connecting segment DNA (histone H1)
RNA spatial structure and function
mRNA
Features: The most types, the smallest abundance, derived from hnRNA "removing the inside and connecting the outside"
Structure: 5' hat structure (m7Gppp), 3' tail structure
tRNA
Features: Contains a variety of rare bases
Structure (Clover)
Three rings and one arm
Left loop: DHU loop, right loop: Tpusai loop, lower loop: anticodon loop, upper arm: amino acid arm
All end with CCA-3‘
rRNA
The composition of ribosomes
Physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids
Has strong UV absorption: 260nm
DNA denaturation: opening of double strands into single strands
Absorbance at 260nm correlates with conjugated double bond exposure
The shift of the maximum absorption peak is related to the number of purine and pyrimidine molecules
DNA hydrolysis: hydrolysis of polynucleotides into single nucleotides