Promote gluconeogenesis

Slow down glucose breakdown

Reduce the use of glucose by body tissues

Promote lipolysis and reduce synthesis

Diabetic patients are prone to ketoacidemia

Promote protein redistribution

Promote protein breakdown and cause negative nitrogen balance

Muscle atrophy, skin thinning, and delayed wound healing

Retain sodium and excrete potassium

Promote calcium excretion by kidneys

non-specific anti-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory while reducing the body’s defense function

mechanism

type

infection toxic shock

mechanism

Improve the body's tolerance to endotoxins

Cannot destroy endotoxin

Ineffective against external toxins

Fever due to severe toxic infection

Euphoria, excitement, insomnia

Convulsions, epilepsy

Promote gastric acid and pepsin secretion

cause osteoporosis

Definition: No direct activity on certain tissues, but can increase the effects of other hormones

glucagon

Catecholamines

Reduce lung tissue leakage and damage, improve patients’ tolerance to toxins, and reduce the degree of late-stage pulmonary fibrosis

The drug can be stopped once the effect is produced

combined with epinephrine

If fluid replenishment, electrolyte replenishment or blood transfusion are ineffective, combined with a large dose of epinephrine

Anti-inflammatory but not antibacterial, reducing the body’s defense function

Stimulate gastric acid and protease secretion

Water and sodium retention, elevated blood lipids

Promote protein breakdown and inhibit its synthesis

Reduce the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine and increase their excretion

Inhibit osteoblast activity

Inhibit growth hormone secretion and cause negative nitrogen balance

cause fetal abnormalities

induce psychosis and epilepsy

Negative feedback inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis

After the patient's symptoms are basically controlled, sudden discontinuation of the drug or rapid reduction of the dose may cause the original disease to relapse or worsen.

Dependence on glucocorticoids or symptoms not fully controlled

First aid

Insulin, ATP, Coenzyme A

Insulin, glucose, potassium chloride

stress state

Produce insulin antibodies

Decreased number of insulin receptors on target cell membrane

Abnormality of the glucose transport system in the target cell membrane

The weakest and shortest

most durable

Can reduce the number of platelets and reduce their adhesion

Promote insulin secretion from beta cells

Reduce glucagon levels in the blood

Enhance insulin action

Chlorpropamide and glibenclamide promote secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Gliclazide reduces platelets, reduces adhesion, and stimulates plasminogen synthesis

Type 2 diabetes where diet control is ineffective

chlorpropamide

Large doses of chlorpropamide can cause confusion and ataxia

weight gain

Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, regenerative coagulopathy, hemolytic anemia

allergic reaction

Cholestatic jaundice and liver impairment

Not metabolized by the liver

Inhibits glucose absorption in the intestine

Inhibits gluconeogenesis and reduces hepatic glucose production

Promote tissue uptake of glucose and increase anaerobic glycolysis

Inhibit glucagon release

Type 2 diabetes that is not controlled by diet

Lose weight, lower blood pressure

Metallic taste in mouth