MindMap Gallery Chemistry - Thermodynamics of multicomponent systems and their applications in solutions
Mind map about college physical chemistry, including composition representation of multi-component systems, partial molar quantities, chemical potentials of each component in gas compounds, etc.
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Chapter 4 Thermodynamics of multi-component systems and their applications in solutions
Compositional representation of multicomponent systems
partial molar amount
Z is the state function of any capacity property (U.H.S.V.G.A)
Addition formula
3. Gibbs-Duhem formula 1 - relationship between partial molar amounts in the system
One ebbs and the other ebbs and flows
chemical potential
definition
X is U,H,A,G
"_ _" is the characteristic variable corresponding to U, H, A, and G
Basic formula of thermodynamics for multi-component systems
Conditions of Use:
A closed system with variable composition that reaches equilibrium
No non-volume work done
criterion
phase change
Chemical changes
3. The relationship between chemical potential and T and P
Chemical potential of each component in a gas compound
Chemical potential of ideal gases and their mixtures
One-component ideal gas
ideal gas mixture
Chemical potential of non-ideal gas mixtures
Single component non-ideal gas
non-ideal gas mixture
Activity and activity factors
Chemical potential of components in non-ideal liquid mixtures
non-ideal dilute solution
Solvent
solute
Relationship between activity factors in two-liquid system
Determination of activity
Vapor pressure method
colligative properties of dilute liquids
Using the Gibbs-Duhem formula
electrochemical method
colligative properties of dilute solutions
colligative properties
After specifying the type and amount of solvent, these properties only depend on the number of solvent particles contained and have nothing to do with the nature of the solute
1. Vapor pressure drops
2. Lowering of freezing point
3. Boiling point increases
4. Osmotic pressure phenomenon
use
Check if it is a pure solvent
Asking for MB
Asking for XA
ideal dilute solution
definition
Under certain T and p, the solvent obeys Raoult's law and the solute obeys Henry's law.
Chemical potential of each component
Solvent
solute
ideal liquid mixture
definition
A solution that obeys Raoult's law for any component over the entire concentration range
chemical potential of any component
ideal solution properties
Two Empirical Laws in Dilute Solutions
Raoult's law
Applicable conditions
The two-liquid system of dilute solutions of nonvolatile solutes is also suitable for volatile solutes.
Harry's Law
Applicable conditions
Thin solution/ideal dilute solution
Solute B has the same molecular form in the gas phase and liquid phase