Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Mo, Cu

C,H,O,N,P,S

C, H, O, N

C

water

Inorganic salt

carbohydrates and nucleic acids

protein

Lipids

The elements that make up cells can be found in inorganic nature

The relative contents of various elements in cells are quite different from those in inorganic nature

Alcohol effect

Mix equal amounts and mix immediately. Heat in water bath.

A first, then B

Note: Biuret ≠ Biuret solution ≠ Biuret reagent

1. Water is the most abundant compound in living cells

2. The water content in organisms varies with different types of organisms.

3. The same organism has different water contents in different tissues and organs.

4. Organisms have different water contents in different periods.

free water

bound water

1. Water is a good solvent within cells

2. Many biochemical reactions within cells require the participation of water.

3. Most of the cells of multicellular organisms must be infiltrated in a liquid environment based on Yishui

4. Water can transport nutrients and metabolic wastes

5. Water is an important component of cell structure

1%~1.5%

Exists in ionic form

1. Contributing components of many complex compounds within cells

2. Maintain the osmotic pressure balance of cells (normal form)

3. Maintain the acid-base balance of cells

4. Maintain the life activities of cells and organisms

Magnesium deficiency: affects chlorophyll synthesis

Iron deficiency: Iron deficiency anemia

Calcium deficiency:

Zinc deficiency:

Na﹢ deficiency: causes the excitability of nerve and muscle cells to decrease, eventually causing muscle soreness and weakness.

Boron deficiency: flowers but no fruit (only flowers but no fruit)

five carbon sugar

six carbon sugar

Maltose (G fruit)

Lactose (G galactose)

Sucrose (G G)

starch

glycogen

Cellulose

Chitin

distributed

Components

constitute

Also known as

fatty acid

effect

Elemental composition

form

Function

distributed

cholesterol

sex hormones

Vitamin D

21 species

essential amino acids

non-essential amino acids

dehydration condensation

structures that make up cells and organisms

catalytic

transportation

adjust

immunity

nucleic acid

Nucleotide

five carbon sugar

Phosphoric acid

base

C,H,O,N,P

nucleic acid

protein

polysaccharide

A polymer composed of many monomers linked together

With carbon chain as the basic skeleton

The basic skeleton that forms the building of life