Features

other

The heart rate is fast and the blood pressure is low. Some premature infants may have open ductus arteriosus.

Poor sucking ability, weak swallowing reflex, small stomach capacity, often difficulty in breastfeeding or aspiration of milk leading to aspiration pneumonia

Less bile acid secretion and poor fat digestion and absorption

necrotizing enterocolitis

Less meconium formation, poor intestinal motility, and delayed meconium discharge

liver

Hyponatremia

Diabetes

Low bicarbonate threshold and poor renal tubular acid excretion capacity

advanced metabolic acidosis

The blood volume is 85 to 110 mL/kg, and there are more nucleated red blood cells in the peripheral blood.

White blood cells and platelets are slightly lower than those of full-term infants

Eosinophilia increased at the end of the 3rd week and lasted for about 2 weeks

Low EPO levels, congenital low iron reserves, rapid increase in blood volume, and early onset of physiological anemia. The younger the gestational age, the longer the duration and the more severe the anemia.

Maturity is related to gestational age. The younger the gestational age, the more difficult it is to elicit the original reflex or the reflex is incomplete.

The complement level and opsonin activity in the plasma are lower than those of full-term infants, the production and reserve of polymorphonuclear leukocytes are less, and the chemotactic activity and phagocytic function are lower than those of full-term infants.

T cell immune function is lower

body temperature

Energy and fluid metabolism

Place in an incubator and choose a neutral ambient temperature according to individual needs. Unconditional persons should be wrapped in a preheated blanket.

Breastfeed as early as possible. Those who do not breastfeed can temporarily use premature infant formula. The amount of breastfeeding varies from person to person.

When premature infants lie on their backs, soft pads can be placed under their shoulders to avoid bending the neck.

Inhale oxygen when hypoxemia occurs, avoid routine oxygen inhalation

Baby room staff strictly abide by the disinfection and isolation system

Intramuscular injection of vitamin K1 0.5~1mg once after birth, for 3 days in premature infants

Take a bath frequently

Keep the umbilical cord stump clean and dry

Oral mucosa should not be scrubbed

Clothes are wide, soft and don’t need buttons

BCG vaccination is postponed, and hepatitis B vaccine is vaccinated promptly

Screening for inborn errors of metabolism such as hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria