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MindMap Gallery Information - Anatomy of a Microcomputer Mind Map

Information - Anatomy of a Microcomputer Mind Map

Task 1 of information technology unit 2 of the first grade of Jiangyou Vocational Middle School. Including motherboard, CPU, memory, etc. The introduction is detailed and the description is comprehensive. I hope it will be helpful to those who are interested!

Edited at 2023-11-25 22:56:20

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Information - Anatomy of a Microcomputer Mind Map

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Outline

Anatomy Microcomputer

Chassis

It plays a fixed protective role for computer accessories and also protects against electromagnetic radiation.

motherboard

Also known as system board, motherboard, logic board, backplane. The core component is the chip, which is divided into a south bridge chip and a north bridge chip. The north bridge chip is only responsible for data transmission between the CPU, memory, and AGP interface. The south bridge chip is responsible for data transmission between IDE equipment, PCL equipment, sound, network equipment and other I/O devices. Currently, the south bridge chip and the north bridge chip have a tendency to be combined into one. The main performance of the motherboard is the motherboard's chipset. , motherboard architecture, motherboard manufacturer, motherboard manufacturing process.

CPU

Central processing unit, also known as CPU, is composed of a controller and arithmetic unit. It is the core of computer calculation and control. There are currently two major processor brands in the world, Intel and AMD. The first CPU developed in my country is the "Loongson One". "No." was born. Main performance indicators of CPU: main frequency, FSB, word length, cache [Cache]

【1】Main frequency

The clock frequency of the CPU core. Theoretically speaking, the higher the frequency of the CPU, the more instructions it processes in one clock cycle, and the higher the computing speed of the CPU. The measurement units are MHZ and GHZ. Currently, mainstream CPUs Mostly MHZ, main frequency = external frequency × frequency multiplier [the external frequency plays a decisive role, the frequency multiplier is a constant]

【2】FSB

Also called the base frequency of the CPU, it is the operating frequency of the system bus. Specifically, it refers to the bus speed between the CPU and the chipset. The unit is MHZ, which determines the operating speed of the motherboard.

【3】Word length

Refers to the length of binary digits that the CPU can process in parallel per unit time. Currently, most mainstream CPUs are 64-bit.

【4】 Cache

Static memory located between the CPU and main memory has the advantages of small capacity and high speed. It is mainly used to make up for the mismatch in running speed between the CPU and main memory, improve the hit rate of the CPU, and thus increase the rate of input and output data of the CPU. It is generally divided into first-level cache, second-level cache, and third-level cache, among which the first-level cache Caching is most important.

Memory

Also known as internal memory and main memory, it is a storage space that the CPU can directly address. It is used to temporarily store programs and data in computer studios. According to its working principle, it can be divided into read-only memory and random access memory. The main performance indicators of memory are: Memory main frequency [speed], total memory capacity, number of pins, particle packaging form, memory voltage.

Read-only memory [ROM]

It can only read data, generally cannot write, and the data will not be lost after a power outage. It is mainly used to store basic computer programs and data.

Random access memory [RAM]

You can read data from it and write data from it. The data will be lost when the power is cut off. The memory stick installed in the computer is mainly RAM random storage.

cache memory

Hard drive [fear of falling]

Mechanical hard disk [HDD]

It is the external memory with the largest capacity in the computer [good stability]. It is known as the "warehouse of data" in the computer. The internal structure mainly consists of: spindle motor, disk, magnetic head, transmission arm. The hard disk has large storage capacity and fast transmission speed. High reliability features. Mechanical hard drive capacity is measured in gigabytes [GB] and terabytes [TB].

IDE【Electronic integrated driver】

SCSL [Small Computer System Interface]

SATA [Computer Bus Interface] [Mainstream]

The main performance indicators are: rotation speed, capacity, interface type, seek time, cache size

The rotation speed of a mechanical hard disk is the maximum rotation speed that the disk can complete in one minute [the unit is rpm, that is, revolutions per minute

Home mainstream mechanical hard drive 7200rpm---10000rpm

Server 10000rpm---15000rpm

Laptop 5600rpm

sector

The basic unit of computer storage, generally 512B in size

Solid state drive [SSD]

It is a hard drive made from an array of solid-state electronic memory chips. SSD is composed of a control unit [FLASH chip] and a storage unit [DRAM chip]. The main performance indicators are: capacity, cache size, main control chip, flash memory type, and interface type.

storage media

Flash memory [FLASH chip] [Flash memory is generally used]

DRAM

advantage

Fast reading and writing speed, light weight, low energy consumption, small size, low noise, good anti-vibration and anti-fall ability

shortcoming

Small capacity, expensive, short service life, difficult data recovery

graphics card

It is the interface between the CPU and the monitor, responsible for data conversion between the computer and the monitor. The main performance indicators of the graphics card are: graphics card type, graphics card capacity, graphics card frequency

Discrete graphics card

Display chip [cpu], video memory, display output interface, gold finger, installed on the AGP or PCL--E interface on the motherboard

Integrated Graphics

core graphics card

sound card

Also called an audio card, it is the interface between the CPU and audio equipment, and is a device that implements sound wave/digital signal conversion.

Board type

Integrated

External

network card

A network card, also called a network adapter, is a device that connects a computer to a local area network. The main functions of a network card are: first, to encapsulate computer data into frames and send the data to the network through the transmission medium; second, to receive frames uploaded from the network, and reassemble the frames into data. The main performance indicators of the network card: transmission rate and working mode.

According to the connection method with the computer, it can be divided into

Wired network card

Wireless network card

CD-ROM drive

That is, an optical disc drive, which is a drive used by computers to read and write optical disc content. The laser head is the heart of the optical drive and is mainly responsible for the reading work of the heart. The reading and writing speed of the optical drive is expressed by times (x), 1x is 1 Double speed, CD drive 1x=150KB/s, DVD drive 1x=1358KB/s, Blu-ray drive 1x=4.5MB/s

power supply

Computer power supply is a device that converts alternating current into stable direct current through a power transformer for the normal operation of the computer system.