Medical hypoglycemic drugs

Medicinal Chemistry: The classification mechanism of action of hypoglycemic drugs and the clinical application of representative drugs, including insulin and its analogs: regulating blood sugar, fat and protein metabolism, etc.

Edited at 2023-11-25 02:16:11

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Medical hypoglycemic drugs

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Hypoglycemic agents

Insulin and its analogs: regulate blood sugar, fat and protein metabolism

Insulin: an effective drug for treating diabetes

insulin analogs

rapid acting insulin

insulin lispro

insulin aspart

insulin glargine

Insulin secretion enhancer: Promotes insulin B cells to secrete more insulin to lower blood sugar levels

Sulfonylureas: These drugs can selectively act on pancreatic B cells and promote insulin secretion. After sulfonylurea compounds bind to receptors on pancreatic B cells, they block ATP-sensitive potassium channels; the blocking of potassium channels causes the voltage-sensitive calcium channels to open, causing an influx of calcium ions; an influx of calcium ions Causes B cells to secrete insulin

Sulfaisopropylthiadiazole

dabutamide

tolbutamide

chlorpropamide

Hexylurea acetate

Glibenclamide: It has a strong hypoglycemic effect. Patients who are ineffective against toluide can also achieve good curative effect. It is used for moderate and severe type 2 diabetes.

Glezite

Glipizide

Glimepiride

Non-sulfonylureas: These drugs have additional binding sites on pancreatic B cells

Repaglinide: It is mainly used clinically for type 2 diabetes where diet control, weight reduction and exercise cannot effectively control high blood sugar.

Naglina

Mitiglinide: mainly used to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia

Insulin sensitizer: improve sensitivity to insulin and improve insulin resistance

Thiazolidinediones: work by reducing insulin resistance, enhancing the sensitivity of human tissues to insulin, enhancing the action of insulin, thereby increasing the uptake of glucose by the liver and inhibiting the output of glycogen. The target is superoxide in the cell nucleus. Enzyme-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)

Troglitazone

Rosiglitazone

Pioglitazone

Biguanides: inhibit gluconeogenesis, promote the uptake and utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, and improve the body's insulin sensitivity (it can significantly improve patients' glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia, and reduce plasma free fatty acids and plasma triglyceride levels)

phenformin

Metformin

Metformin hydrochloride: widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, especially for patients who are overweight and insulin-resistant, and sometimes experience weight loss.

a-glucosidase inhibitor: can competitively bind to a-glucosidase, inhibit the activity of the enzyme, and may reduce postprandial blood sugar, but does not increase insulin secretion (this type of drug is suitable for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) )

Acarbose: clinically used in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes

Voglibose: In addition to diabetes, this disease is beneficial for conditions such as obesity

Miglitol: can lower postprandial blood sugar and is used alone for patients with unsatisfactory postprandial blood sugar control using sulfonylureas or biguanides alone or for patients with milder postprandial hyperglycemia. Clinically used in combination with sulfonylureas, biguanides or insulin to better control blood sugar

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors: The inhibitory effect of drugs on DPP-IV can reduce its metabolic inactivation of GLP-1 and GLP, increase GLP-1 levels in diabetic patients, and increase the insulin secretion-stimulating effect of GLP-1 Enhance and exert hypoglycemic effect

sitagliptin

Sitagliptin phosphate: mainly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with significant efficacy

Vildagliptin and its combination with metformin: have good effects in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes