Cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, cerebral vasodilation

Intracranial space-occupying lesions, tumors, hematomas, abscesses

Cerebellar subtonsillar herniation malformation, terrestrial depression, craniocranial stenosis

Age, lesion expansion rate, lesion location, Accompanied by cerebral edema, systemic diseases

reduced cerebral blood flow

Brain edema

Brain displacement and herniation

Cushing's reaction (Cushing's triad) "Two slow and one high"

Diffuse increased intracranial pressure

focal increased intracranial pressure

acute increased intracranial pressure

subacute increased intracranial pressure

chronic increased intracranial pressure

One of the most common symptoms is mostly located on the forehead and temples

When the headache is severe, it appears to be projectile and may be accompanied by nausea, which is not directly related to eating.

One of the important objective signs of increased intracranial pressure

CT.MRI: CT is fast, accurate and non-invasive. It is the first choice examination for diagnosing intracranial lesions.

digital subtraction angiography

X-ray examination

Directly measure intracranial pressure and collect cerebrospinal fluid for examination. Increased intracranial pressure will be obvious. When evident, lumbar puncture carries the risk of foramen magnum hernia and should be avoided.

Guide drug treatment and surgical timing selection

General processing

dehydration treatment

hormone therapy

Mild hypothermia treatment

cerebrospinal fluid drainage

Barbiturate treatment

hyperventilation

Symptomatic treatment

The most fundamental and effective treatment method

rest

Give oxygen

Diet and fluids

Avoid accidental injury

Maintain normal body temperature and prevent infection

Observe changes in patient's consciousness, vital signs, pupils and limb movements

ideology

vital signs

pupil

intracranial pressure monitoring

rest on bed

Stabilize mood

Keep airway open

Avoid severe coughing and straining to have a bowel movement

Managing agitation and controlling seizures

Dehydrating agent

steroid corticosteroids

barbiturates

Environment and item preparation

Implement cooling

Condition observation

Diet care

Complication care

Drainage tube placement

Control drainage speed and amount

Observe and record drainage fluid conditions

Strict sterility to prevent infection

Keep drainage smooth

Extubate in time

life coaching

Rehabilitation

The hippocampal sulcus is pushed through the tentorial notch to the infratentorial

The cerebellar tonsils and medulla oblongata push into the spinal canal through the foramen magnum

The sulci of one hemisphere are squeezed into the opposite side through the subcurtain foramen

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure

Pupil changes

Movement disorders

altered consciousness

Disturbed vital signs

Patients often suffer from severe headaches, especially pain in the back of the occiput, and repeatedly vomit. Neck stiffness