Adrenaline Norepinephrine

alert, excited, nervous

anxiety, depression, anger

peripheral organ damage

heart damage

energy consumption

HSP110 HSP90 HSP70 HSP60 HSP60 small molecule HSP ubiquitin

C-reactive protein CRP

Inhibit protease

other

Quick response, short duration Sympathetic-adrenal medulla excitement

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical stimulation Increased GC secretion

GC secretion continues to increase, but the number and affinity of receptors decrease, resulting in obvious internal environment disorder.

Mainly transportation stress, heat stress, crowding stress, mixed pens, etc.

Commonly seen in stress-sensitive pigs, such as Pietrain

Early manifestations include muscle tremors and tail shaking

Shortness of breath or difficulty, palpitations

Erythema or purpura appears on the skin, and cyanosis of the mucous membrane can be seen

Increased body temperature

die

Rigor mortis occurs quickly after death and the body has high acidity

White muscle PSE

black jerky

Fighting, transportation, sudden death from serious illness

Small, scattered bleeding points, linear or patchy erosion in the gastric or duodenal mucosa

Multiple round ulcers with irregular edges, generally deep into the submucosa, muscle layer, and even perforated.

The sympathetic-adrenocortical system is stimulated to Gastrointestinal vasoconstriction, ischemia, insufficient cellular energy, and destruction of the bicarbonate-mucus layer barrier on the mucosal surface Mucosal blood flow is reduced, and reversely diffuse H ions in the mucosa damage cells.

Whole bacteria

peptidoglycan

Exotoxins

Whole bacteria

peptidoglycan

Endotoxins (Lipopolysaccharide)

whole virus

lipoprotein

Act on animal body

Directly or indirectly activate cells that produce endogenous pyrogens in the body

Substances that cause it to produce and release endogenous pyrogens

Also known as EP inducer

EP-producing cells produce and release substances that cause body temperature to rise under the action of heat activators.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Interferon (IFN) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) macrophage inflammatory protein-1

monocytes Macrophages Endothelial cells Lymphocytes astrocytes tumor cells

Prostaglandin E2-PGE2 The ratio of sodium ions to calcium ions