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MindMap Gallery Delusional disorder (paranoia)

Delusional disorder (paranoia)

· Delusional disorder, also known as delusional disorder, is a psychiatric diagnosis that refers to "the possession of one or more non-bizarre delusions in the absence of any other psychiatric symptoms." ·Delusional patients have no history of schizophrenia and no obvious visual hallucinations. However, depending on the type, tactile and olfactory hallucinations may occur. ·Despite these hallucinations, people with delusional disorders are usually functional and do not experience bizarre or bizarre behavior as a result. ·Drawing is not easy, I hope you will be happy, thank you❤️

Edited at 2023-11-20 09:06:12

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Delusional disorder (paranoia)

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Outline

delusional disorder (paranoia)

Overview

●A mental disorder characterized by long-term persistent delusions. ●The content of delusions is often victimization, exaggeration, jealousy, hypochondria, etc. ●Insidious onset and slow course ●Treatment is mainly a combination of antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy

What is delusional disorder?

Delusional disorder is a long-term (three months or more) persistent, Systemic delusions are a group of mental disorders with the most important clinical features.

In addition to delusional symptoms, patients rarely have other psychotic symptoms. Their personality and intelligence can usually be kept intact, unless delusions are involved. Under the circumstances, emotions, speech and behavior are basically normal.

Delusional disorder has an insidious onset, slow progression, and may even accompany the patient throughout his life.

What is the prevalence of delusional disorder in the population?

There is no authoritative report on the incidence of delusional disorder in China. Due to changes in diagnostic concepts and the Patients with the disease usually do not take the initiative to seek medical treatment, so it is difficult to obtain accurate incidence and prevalence data.

The average age of onset of delusional disorder is 40 years old. The age of the affected people can range from 18 to 90 years old. There are slightly more females than males.

What are the types of delusional disorders?

According to the content of delusions, they can be divided into four main types: victimization type, love type, exaggeration type, and jealous type.

Cause

The cause of delusional disorder is currently unknown. genetic factors, biochemical factors and psychological environmental factors play a certain role in the onset and development of delusional disorders.

What are the causes of delusional disorder?

genetic factors

Family members of patients with delusional disorder, especially immediate relatives, have a higher incidence of delusional disorder.

biological factors

The development of paranoia may be related to abnormalities in certain areas of the brain, An imbalance of neurotransmitters can interfere with nerve cells in the brain The dissemination and exchange of information causes the formation of delusional symptoms.

Psychological environmental factors

There is evidence that stress, alcohol and drug abuse can all trigger paranoia. Some studies have also shown that the incidence of delusional disorder is among people with withdrawn personalities. For example, it is higher among immigrants or people with audio-visual disabilities.

symptom

According to the content of delusions, delusional disorders can be divided into persecutory type, love type, grandiose type, There are four main types including jealous type. In addition to the presence of abnormal delusional beliefs, paranoia The patient's mental state (including cognitive function) is usually normal except for the content of the delusion.

Generally speaking, the patient's appearance is normal, his memory and cognitive level are intact, Conscious, but speech and psychomotor activity and eye contact may Reflecting the emotional state associated with the delusion, the patient's mood is also consistent with the content of the delusion. For example, people with persecutory delusions may experience feelings of doubt and anxiety.

Delusional themes may be sensory related, and the patient may be infected by insects or tactile and olfactory hallucinations such as body odor. tactile and olfactory hallucinations caused by delusions, Usually not associated with systemic or focal CNS involvement.

What are the typical symptoms of delusional disorder?

Delusional content persecutory type

The most common type of delusional disorder.

Patients are usually immersed in delusions that they are being persecuted, plotted against, or may be harmed. May seek psychological relief by taking their perceived persecutors to court.

Patients often experience some degree of emotional distress, such as irritability, anger, and resentment.

In extreme cases, they may Act violently on behalf of someone who threatens or harms you.

Delusional content loving type

The patient firmly believes that a person of the opposite sex is full of admiration for him, but the other person due to various reasons (such as older, married, higher social status, etc.), dare not express publicly, But the so-called sincere feelings can only be revealed through secret glances or flirtatious glances.

After the patient boldly confessed his love and was rejected, he thought that the other party did not really reject him. It's about testing yourself and firmly believing that your reasoning and judgment are absolutely correct. Patients may email and other electronic communications, make phone calls, and send letters and gifts, making unwanted visits, and even stalking in an attempt to contact the target of the emotional delusion.

Delusions with exaggerated content

Patients are usually arrogant and think that they are energetic, intelligent, talented, Quick thinking, keen insight, and great inventions and creations.

The patient may have exaggerated thinking associated with mania, But the mood disorders and behaviors characteristic of mania are not symptoms of delusional disorder.

Delusional content, jealous type

The theme of the delusion is that the patient's spouse or lover is unfaithful, involving a third party. Patients often follow, monitor, or secretly check their spouse's office, Methods such as carrying bags and letters, or even restricting your spouse’s daily activities, The spouse's underwear and private parts are examined to obtain alleged evidence.

A certain degree of jealousy can evoke anger and give the patient a sense of justice, To justify their aggressive behavior, this type can lead to violent behavior, Including suicide and homicide.

Seek medical advice

If family members find that the patient has long-term delusions related to their own life, If someone deliberately plots against you, someone has a crush on you, or you are being followed, If you suspect that you have a certain disease, but this is not the case, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible.

Doctors mainly ask patients and their families about their medical history, Perform physical examination and some auxiliary examination methods for evaluation and diagnosis. The doctor will ask the patient about the time and characteristics of the symptoms, and ask the patient Family history, past medical history, neurological diseases, etc.

If the examination does not reveal an organic cause, a psychiatrist may Use specially designed interviews and assessment tools to assess patients' mental illness, The diagnosis is determined based on the patient's report of symptoms and observations of the patient's attitudes and behavior.

Which department should I go to for treatment of delusional disorder?

Psychiatry, psychology.

What are the relevant tests for delusional disorder?

mental examination

The doctor will conduct a mental examination through interviews and other methods To assess the patient's mental activity status, delusional disorder Patients usually have a normal level of consciousness except for delusions.

Other tests

The doctor may perform routine tests such as blood tests, Imaging examinations, etc., to rule out the possibility of physical disease causing delusions.

What diseases should be distinguished from delusional disorder?

Because delusions can arise from many sources, the differential diagnosis of delusional disorders is important.

The principle of differential diagnosis is to discover or exclude other possible, Usually the more common causes include physical diseases, drugs, and substance induction. mental disorders, as well as other mental disorders including schizophrenia and mood disorders.

treat

Antipsychotics are the first-line treatment for delusional disorders. due to delusional People with disorders often refuse psychiatric treatment and are advised to provide psychological support, Including supporting, educating, guiding and discouraging destructive behaviors inspired by delusions.

Delusions about being unable to take or tolerate antipsychotic medications For patients with sexual disorders, cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended.

What medications are available for delusional disorder?

Due to large individual differences, there is no absolute best, fastest, or most effective medication. In addition to over-the-counter drugs, the most appropriate drug should be selected based on individual circumstances under the guidance of a doctor.

It is generally believed that antipsychotic drugs are effective in treating delusional disorder. Antipsychotic drugs can reduce or eliminate symptoms such as delusions, anxiety, and irritability. However, the use of antipsychotic medications in patients with delusional disorders needs to be approached with caution. Because patients deny illness and often doubt the motivation of doctors to intervene pharmacologically.

In order to improve patient compliance with medication, doctors should inform patients about medications How it works, what are the symptoms of treatment, and what side effects may occur and how long treatment may take to minimize patient concerns.

What other treatments are available for delusional disorder?

cognitive behavioral therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to identify and address the patient's delusional-related characteristics, For example, interpersonal relationships are too sensitive, sleeping problems or emotional problems, etc. These factors can influence how people with delusions interpret their symptoms.

The doctor may discuss and evaluate the patient's interpretation of the delusional thoughts to break down the certainties and emotional foundations on which the patient maintains these thoughts.

psychosocial intervention

Psychotherapy principles are important auxiliary treatments for delusional disorders. Includes support, education, and identification of difficulties and challenges in treating these patients.

For patients who refuse to admit that their worries are delusional, A supportive psychotherapeutic approach that combines pain relief with Listening and verbal support strategies may be helpful.

prognosis

The prognosis for a patient with delusional disorder depends on the patient, such as the type of delusional disorder, Living environment and willingness to adhere to treatment can affect prognosis.

Paranoia is often a chronic condition, but if properly treated, Many patients experience relief of symptoms, and some even make a full recovery. However, many patients are unaware of their psychological and psychiatric problems; Or delaying the condition due to embarrassment or fear of not actively seeking help, Ultimately, delusional disorder becomes a lifelong condition.

daily

For various reasons, patients often deny that they have mental problems, Therefore, the daily management of patients with delusional disorder is particularly important.

Healthcare organizations should establish a therapeutic alliance and negotiate mutually acceptable symptomatic treatment goals, Be patient-centered and express empathy, concern, and interest in the patient's experience.

Doctors will tailor treatment strategies based on the patient’s individual needs. Focus on maintaining patients' social functions and improving their quality of life.

How to treat delusional disorder at home?

Medication is key to delusional disorder, but patients often have poor compliance. Family members should try their best to eliminate patients' concerns, explain the necessity of medications, and urge patients to take medications regularly.

Family members should encourage and support patients to have a positive and optimistic attitude towards life Participate in social activities to promote patients' return to society and their integration into society.

Family members should guide patients to correctly view their own diseases and make patients firm in their belief in treatment.

Patients should arrange their family life, study and work reasonably to avoid overwork; Take medication regularly and view the disease correctly. In addition, patients should receive timely diagnosis and Standardized treatment that reduces disruption to other people's lives, families, and friendships.

What should we pay attention to in the daily management of patients with delusional disorder?

Patients should actively engage in physical exercise to enhance their physical fitness, delay functional decline, and actively

What indicators need to be monitored daily for delusional disorder?

·Regular follow-up visits: Patients should return for regular follow-up visits, and according to the treatment Adjust the treatment plan according to the effect to achieve the purpose of alleviating symptoms.

·Condition monitoring at home: Family members should pay attention to whether the patient’s condition is If symptoms worsen or other symptoms occur, seek medical attention for further treatment if necessary.

What are the special considerations for delusional disorder?

Family members should pay attention to detecting and preventing the patient's tendency to commit suicide and harm others.