Shape of the Earth: It is a sphere

size of earth

In order to make it easier to see the whole picture, we imitated the shape of the earth and reduced it to a certain proportion.

rotate around an imaginary axis

It is convenient to know the whole picture of the earth

parallels and latitude

longitude and longitude

rotational motion around earth's axis

Turn from west to east

Phenomenon caused by the rotation of the earth

Constantly revolving around the sun

It also turns from west to east

Effects of the Earth's Revolution

The concept of map and its three elements

subtopic

1. Types of maps

2. Map selection

1. Altitude and relative altitude

2. Contour lines and contour lines

In places with steep slopes, contour lines are densely packed

Where the slope is gentle, the contour lines are sparse.

1. Meaning: On a map with contour lines and depth lines, the ranges of different heights and depths are colored in different colors.

2. Representation of color

3. Function: Display various terrain distribution conditions more intuitively, and use the altitude scale to determine the ups and downs of the terrain.

4. Five basic terrains

Converted based on contour topographic maps

A more intuitive expression is the undulations of the terrain along a certain direction and the steepness and gentleness of the slope.

Three percent is land and seven percent is ocean.

The distribution of sea and land is very uneven

seven continents

four oceans

A continent and its surrounding islands together are called a continent

The whole land is divided into seven continents

The oceans on the earth are divided by land into four connected oceans (ocean is the general name for sea and ocean)

Among them, the Pacific Ocean accounts for almost half of the global ocean area.

Asia-Europe divide

Boundary between Asia and Africa: Suez Canal (Egyptian Palm)

The divide between North and South America: the Panama Canal

Asia-North America divide: Bering Strait

Antarctica, South America: Drake Passage

Natural causes

Human causes: land reclamation (partial)

1. Proposed by: Wegener, Germany

2. Basis for conjecture: The outlines of the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America are similar.

3.Content

4. Scientific basis

1. Proposition of the theory of plate tectonics: In the 1960s, based on the theory of continental drift, scientists proposed the theory of plate tectonics.

2. Contents of plate tectonics theory

3. Influence of plate movement

weather

climate

Comparison of weather and climate

1. Main contents of weather forecast

2. Satellite cloud image: Areas without white are sunny days. White indicates cloud areas. The whiter the clouds, the thicker the clouds and the greater the probability of precipitation. White cloud areas are generally rainy areas. Green indicates land and blue indicates the ocean.

3. Weather forecast symbols

1. Measures to reduce air pollution

The highest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere is July on land and August in the ocean

The highest temperature in the Southern Hemisphere is January on land and February in the ocean

The lowest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere is January on land and February in the ocean

The lowest temperature in the Southern Hemisphere is July on land and August in the ocean

Affected by latitude, the temperature decreases from low latitudes to high latitudes

The Northern Hemisphere has a large land area and its isotherms are relatively curved.

The ocean in the Southern Hemisphere is vast, the isotherms are relatively flat, and the changes are small.

Antarctica has lower average annual temperatures than the Arctic Ocean

The temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is lower than other areas at the same latitude

It is the latitude. The temperature is high at low latitudes and low at high latitudes, because as the latitude increases, the amount of solar heat received by the ground gradually decreases.

Sea and land are located at the same latitude. In summer, the land temperature is high and the ocean temperature is low. In winter, the land temperature is low and the ocean temperature is high. Because land absorbs heat quickly and releases heat quickly, the temperature rises quickly and decreases quickly. The ocean absorbs heat slowly and releases heat slowly. The temperature rises slowly and decreases slowly.

It is the terrain. In mountains and hills, the temperature decreases with the increase of altitude. For every 100 meters of elevation, the temperature drops by 0.6 degrees. Because the ground is the main and direct heat source of the atmosphere, the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature.