The stratum corneum is composed of 4-8 layers of flat, non-nuclear keratinized dead cells, with a thickness of about 0.2mm. It contains the moisture of the outermost layer of the epidermis and plays a protective role, locking in moisture and isolating the invasion of ultraviolet rays and bacterial viruses.

Translucent layer: 2-3 layers of flat, transparent, non-nucleated dead cells, mainly found in the palms of the hands and feet. The barrier maintains physiological functions and resists the invasion of chemical microorganisms and pathogens. More hydrophobic proteins combine with phospholipids to lock nutrients, water, and electrolytes.

Granular layer: close to dead cells, composed of 2-4 layers of rhombus cells, refracts light and reduces ultraviolet rays entering the body

Spinous layer: The thickest layer of the epidermis, composed of 4-8 layers of spiny polygonal cells, with sensory nerve endings for sensing external stimuli.

Basal layer:

It is 10 times thicker than the epidermis and is composed of fibrous connective tissue cell matrix containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.

Papillary layer: superficial layer of dermis, composed of collagen fibers

Reticular layer: deep layer of dermis, composed of collagen fibers and elastic fibers

sweat glands

Sebaceous glands: holocrine glands composed of acini and short ducts. The ducts open into hair follicles and are found all over the body except the soles of the hands and feet. The most sebaceous glands are on the forehead and the dorsum of the nose. They moisturize the skin and hair and sterilize.

hair

The hair follicle is in the papillary layer of the dermis. The hair root is surrounded by inner and outer hair sheaths. The outer hair sheath is surrounded by connective tissue cells to form a pocket. Epidermal cells continuously form a pocket-like epithelium.

arrector pili muscle

Nail: nail plate root

immune disorders

Endocrine disorders: causing various spots, hair loss, and acne

Microcirculation disorder: Trash and toxins cannot be excreted, nutrients and water cannot enter, acne spots and papules occur, capillaries on the face swell and red blood streaks appear when heated.

Metabolic disorders: such as poor digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, inflammation, acne on the face

Sebaceous gland dysfunction: Excessive secretion of oil, face and chest, greasy pores clogged, prone to bacterial infection, acne, hair loss and acne. Too little secretion, dry, peeling, rough and uneven skin

Dyskeratosis: goosebumps, dryness, peeling, closed comedones

Abnormal pH value causes bacterial flora imbalance: scalp hair loss and dandruff

Pigment metabolism disorders: moles, scars, age spots, birthmarks

Bacteria: obvious purulent papules, acne, paronychia, folliculitis, acne

Viruses: HPV warts/HSV herpes

Fungi: various ringworms, ringworm of the head/hands/feet/stock/onychomycosis, sweat spots

Environmental factors: light/heat/dust particles/chemical substances/physical factors

Parasites: Mites, scabies

Bacteria: purulent papules, paronychia folliculitis

Fungi: various ringworms (such as tinea manuum, foot, tinea capitis)

Viruses: HPV warts HSV herpes

Pigmented skin disease

scar

Underarm odor

Acne

hair loss

psoriasis

Vitiligo

Ichthyosis