MindMap Gallery Chapter 7 Genetic Information Transmission in Sexual Reproduction
Biology Compulsory Course 2 Chapter 7 The transmission of genetic information in sexual reproduction includes the transmission of genetic information to offspring through gametes in sexual reproduction, the transmission of parental genes to offspring following specific rules, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-18 15:43:23This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Chapter 7 Genetic Information Transmission in Sexual Reproduction
In sexual reproduction, genetic information is transmitted to offspring through gametes
Meiosis
Cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
homologous chromosomes
One from the male parent and one from the female parent
Basically the same shape and size
Can pair up with each other in meiosis
meiosis process
The first division of meiosis
Interval I
DNA replication
Synthesis of proteins involved in division
Early stage Ⅰ
Disintegration of nuclear membrane and nucleolus
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
association of homologous chromosomes
Cross swaps may occur
Mid-term I
Homologous chromosomes are arranged in pairs on the equatorial plane
Late stage I
Homologous chromosomes separate and move randomly toward the poles
End period I
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane reconstruction
Form 2 daughter cells
Second division of meiosis
Interval II
Synthesis of proteins related to meiosis II
No DNA replication occurs
Most species do not have interphase II
Early stage Ⅱ
The nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrate again
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Centrosomes move toward the poles of the cell
Mid-stage II
The centromeres of chromosomes are aligned on the equatorial plane
Late stage II
sister chromatids separate
move toward cell poles
Late Stage II
nuclear reconstruction
cytokinesis
Form 4 daughter cells
Diversity
non-sister chromatid crossover
Free combination of non-homologous chromosomes
change image
gamete formation process
sperm
egg
the difference
Quantity is different
Sperm 4 Egg 1
Split in different ways
sperm
equal split
egg
unequal division
Multiple sperm recognize one egg
The transmission of genes from parents to offspring follows specific rules
Traits
Observable and measurable morphological characteristics or physiological characteristics of cells or individuals
Phenotype
performance of traits
Relative traits
Different expression types of one trait in the same organism
Pea hybridization experiment
Dominant traits
Traits shown in F1
recessive traits
Traits not shown in F1
segregation of traits
Two phenotypes of tall stems and short stems appeared in the second generation (F2) plants.
allele
located on homologous chromosomes
Control a pair of relative traits, one expressive and one recessive
genotype
The intrinsic genetic makeup of an individual or cell
test cross
Crossing an individual of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygous
law of separation
In biological cells, alleles controlling the same trait exist in pairs and do not fuse; When gametes are produced during meiosis, alleles segregate and are independently passed on to offspring along with the gametes.
Free combination of non-allelic genes can generate new phenotypic combinations
F2: Yellow circle: Yellow wrinkle: Green circle: Green wrinkle=9:3:3:1
law of free assemblage
Two or more pairs of non-alleles located on different chromosomes, during gamete formation, The same pair of genes separates from each other and enters different gametes; different pairs of genes can be freely combined
Gene transmission on sex chromosomes linked to gender
The most common type of sex determination is XY
Drosophila hybridization experiment
Revealed for the first time how genes are transmitted on the X chromosome
For the first time, a specific gene has been located on a specific chromosome.
sex-linked inheritance
A phenomenon in which the transmission of genes that control traits is linked to sex
Genes that control traits are on the X chromosome
dominant inheritance
Female>Male
recessive inheritance
Male>Female
Genes that control traits are on the Y chromosome
male-restricted inheritance
Can only be passed down from father to son
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