MindMap Gallery Fiber Chemistry Ultimate(2)
This is a final (2) mind map about fiber chemistry, including polymer compounds, cellulose fibers, protein fibers, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-16 16:03:16This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Fiber Chemistry and Fabrics Textbook for teaching dyeing and finishing technology in colleges and universities taught by Gan Zhenjie
Chapter One Introduction
What is fiber?
A substance whose length is much greater than its diameter and is somewhat flexible
What are the properties of textile fibers?
Physical properties
Length 10 mm or more
Mechanical behavior
strength
Stretchability
elasticity
chemical properties
Water resistance Chemical stability Dyeability
Classification of textile fibers
natural fiber
Plant fiber: cotton, linen, bamboo
Animal fibers: wool, rabbit hair, silk
mineral fiber asbestos
Chemical Fiber
Regenerated fiber
Regenerated cellulose fiber: Tencel. modal
Regenerated protein fiber
synthetic fiber
Polyester fiber: polyester
Polyamide fiber: nylon
Polyacrylonitrile fiber: acrylic fiber
Polyurethane fiber: spandex
Polypropylene fiber: polypropylene
polyvinyl alcohol fiber
Chapter 2 Polymer Compounds
1Basic concepts of polymer compounds
The meaning of polymer compounds
A compound formed by many simple identical structural units connected repeatedly through covalent bonds
Monomer Functional Group Functionality
Chain link degree of polymerization
Basic properties of polymer compounds
High molecular weight 104~107
Covalent bonding
polydispersity
concept
Classification
Relative molecular mass polydispersity
structural polydispersity
nature
Hard and brittle with little dispersion: fiber
Soft and tough with large dispersion: plastic
Geometry of macromolecules of polymer compounds
linear
Polymer compounds formed from difunctional monomers
curly
Intermolecular forces of polymer compounds
The secondary price bonding force is strong and there is no gaseous state.
Van der Waals forces
Dispersion force 0.8-8 kJ/mol
Orientation force 12-21 kJ/mol
Induction force 6.3-12 kJ/mol
0.28-0.5 nm can produce force that is inversely proportional to distance
Hydrogen bonding 21-42 kJ/mol
Cohesive energy Cohesive energy density Small cohesive energy, soft and smooth rubber Large cohesive energy, hard and heat-resistant fiber Plastic in the middle
Synthetic reactions of polymer compounds
Polycondensation
Definition: Two or more monomers form macromolecules through the condensation reaction of functional groups and produce low molecules.
Features
Low molecules are precipitated
The chemical composition of the condensation polymer is different from that of the monomer
Classification
By unit
Homopolycondensation
Mixed polycondensation
cocondensation
According to reaction product structure
Linear polycondensation
Condensation of body shape
Add together
Definition: The process of producing polymer compounds through addition reactions from many identical or different unsaturated monomers.
Features
No low molecular precipitation
The basic segments of the polymer have the same chemical composition as the monomers
Classification
Homopolymerization
copolymerization
Classification and naming of polymer compounds
Source classification
Usage classification
fiber
plastic
rubber
Performance classification
thermoplastic polymer compounds
linear structure
Thermosetting polymer compounds
body structure
Element-curable polymer
Adding elements such as sulfur Tires
2 Structure of polymer compounds
The configuration of macromolecular chains of polymer compounds
Definition: The arrangement of atoms or groups in polymer molecules in space. The arrangement is fixed by chemical bonds and is very stable
Classification
Regular polymer
isotactic
Syndiotacticity
random polymer
atactic
performance
Polymer compounds with high isotacticity have a relatively compact structure due to regular arrangement of molecules and are easy to form crystals. Polymer compounds are dense and have a high melting point and are not easy to dissolve.
Conformation of polymer chain
Internal rotation of a single piece
Flexibility of macromolecular chains of polymer compounds
Main chain factors
side chain factors
external factors
Aggregated structure of polymer compounds
Crystal structure of polymer compounds
folded chain model
two-phase structural model
Amorphous structure of polymer compounds
Orientation structure of polymer compounds
Molecular motion and mechanical properties of polymer compounds
Characteristics of molecular motion of polymer compounds
Diversity of motor units
Thermal motion of macromolecules is a relaxation process
Dependence of thermal motion of macromolecules on temperature
Mechanical state and transformation of amorphous polymer compounds
glassy state
Tg glass transition temperature
The temperature is low and the macromolecular chains are in a frozen state
Hook movement, elasticity is achieved instantly
Changes in bond length and bond angle
Highly elastic
f
Viscous flow state
Mechanical state and transformation of crystalline polymers
The crystallinity of polymers is not 100%
Mechanical properties of crystalline polymers
Tensile properties of polymer compounds
Relaxation phenomenon of polymer compounds
Methods for determination of polymer compound solutions and relative molecular mass
Dissolution of polymer compounds
Method of expressing the relative molecular mass of polymer compounds
Relative molecular mass determination method of polymer compounds
Chapter 3 Cellulose Fiber
Morphological structure of cellulose fibers
Morphological structure of cotton fiber
The morphological structure of hemp fiber
Molecular structure of cellulose macromolecules
Supramolecular structure of cellulose fibers
Study with X-rays
Study with electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy
Main physical-mechanical properties of cellulose fibers
Breaking strength and elongation at break of cellulose fibers
Initial modulus of cellulose fibers
Stress-strain curve of cellulose fibers
The relationship between the fracture mechanism of cellulose fibers and the supramolecular structure of the fibers
elasticity of cellulose fibers
Main chemical properties of cellulose fibers
Hygroscopicity and swelling of cellulose fibers
The effect of alkali on cellulose
The role of cellulose and acid
The role of cellulose and oxides
Effects of light, heat and microorganisms on cellulose
The effect of cellulase on cellulose
Chemical properties of cellulose fibers
cellulose symbiosis
pectic substance
Nitrogenous substances
waxy substance
Ash (inorganic salt)
pigment
cottonseed hulls
flax fiber
Flax fiber morphology and structure
Chemical composition of flax fiber
Physical-mechanical properties of flax fibers
Chemical properties of flax fiber
Characteristics of flax fiber
natural colored cotton
The development of Tianre colored cotton
Morphological and structural characteristics of natural colored cotton fibers
Formation of natural colored cotton fiber pigments
Changes in natural colored cotton pigments
Physical properties of natural colored cotton fibers
Problems with natural colored cotton fibers
Other new cotton fibers
Regenerated Cellulose Fiber
viscose fiber
cupro fiber
Acetate
New cellulose fiber
tencel
bamboo fiber
Modal
Chapter 4 Protein Fiber
Protein Basics
Chemical composition and molecular structure of proteins
amphoteric substance of protein
wool
Morphological structure and classification of wool
Chemical composition and molecular structure of wool
The supramolecular structure of wool
Main mechanical properties of wool
Main chemical properties of wool
Other animal hair for textile use
silk
The formation and morphological structure of silk
Structure and properties of silk fibroin
Structure and properties of sericin
soy protein fiber
Production of soy protein fiber
Properties of soy protein fiber
Application of soy protein fiber
Chapter 5 Synthetic Fibers
Overview of synthetic fibers
Development overview of synthetic fibers
Introduction to the production of synthetic fibers
Polyester
Introduction to polyester production
The structure of polyester
Polyester properties
Modified polyester
Nylon
Introduction to nylon production
The structure of nylon
Performance of nylon
Acrylic
The composition of acrylic fiber
Introduction to acrylic fiber production
The structure of acrylic fiber
Acrylic fiber properties
Polypropylene
Introduction to polypropylene production
The structure of polypropylene
Properties of polypropylene
spandex
The composition and structure of spandex
Introduction to spandex production
Spandex properties
Viren
Introduction to Weilun Production
Velen's Structure
Velen's performance
New synthetic fibers and products
Introduction to new synthetic fiber modification technology
Modified new synthetic fibers and products
Environmentally friendly fiber
chitin fiber
biodegradable fiber
Chapter 6 Basic knowledge of yarns and fabrics
Basic knowledge of yarn
Summary of yarn, thread and silk
Yarn classification
Yarn twist and twist direction
Fabric properties and yarn relationship
Basic knowledge of fabrics
Classification of fabrics
woven fabric
knitted fabric
Non-woven