MindMap Gallery Pneumococcal invasion mind map
This is a mind map about pneumococcal invasion, including 0-96 hours: the innate immune response stage, after 96 hours: the adaptive immune response stage, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-14 16:12:00This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
pneumococcal invasion
0-96 hours: innate immune response stage
0-4 hours: Immediate innate immune response
skin mucosal barrier
Activate alternative complement pathway
C3b
Complement receptors on the surface of phagocytes
opsonization phagocytosis
MAC
Cytotoxicity
Positive feedback amplification loop
Stimulate alveolar epithelial cells
IL-8, IL-1β
Recruitment and activation neutrophils
PRR, opsonic receptor recognizes binding antigen
Phagocytosis and sterilization
CDC
Stimulate keratinocytes
CCL2, CCL3
chemotactic recruitment Mononuclear/macrophages
Expand local inflammatory response
IL-1α/β, IL-6, TNF-α
4-96 hours: early induction of innate immune response
macrophage activation
TLR2/TLR1, TLR2/TLR6 recognize pneumococcal peptidoglycan/lipoteichoic acid
CCL3, CCL2
Recruit monocytes and neutrophils
M2
IL-10
Downregulate the expression of pMHC and costimulatory molecules
negative immune regulation
IL-12
Activate NK cells
IgGFc receptor
ADCC
Chemokines
type I interferon
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α
Pro-inflammatory
Antigen presentation
pMHCII
Cross-pathway presentation of pMHCI
mast cell activation
leukotrienes
inflammatory sensitization
Hepatocyte
IL-1
acute phase protein (MBL)
MBL pathway activates complement
C3b, C4b, iC3b
opsonization phagocytosis
MAC
Cytotoxicity
Inflammation
After 96 hours: Adaptive immune response initiation stage
Immature DC migrate and mature
Mature DC
High expression of pMHCⅡ
High expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80/86
CCL18
trend
After 96 hours: Adaptive immune response stage
naive T cells
Antigen recognition
CD4 naive T cells recognize binding to pMHHCII CD8 naive T cell recognition combined with pMHCI
T cell activation
first signal
CD3 conduction
Upregulates the expression of costimulatory molecules
CD28-B7 etc.
second signal
CTAL-4 and CD28, PD and PD-1
negative immune regulation
CD40L
T cell proliferation
IL-1, IL-2
T cell differentiation
CD4 T cells
IL-12, IFN-γ
Th1
IL-4
Th2
IL-2, TGF-β
Tregs
IL-6, TGF-β
Th17
CD8 T cells
Th cell dependence
CTL
Effect stage
Th1
IL-2
Promote Th2, CTL, NK activation
IFN-γ
Promote opsonic antibody production
ADCC
TNF-α
Recruit monocytes/macrophages
activated neutrophils
Th2
direct contact
IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13
Assist B cell activation, proliferation and differentiation
Th17
IL-17
local tissue cells
Antimicrobial peptides
Recruit activated neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages
IL-21
Promote proliferation and differentiation of CD8 T cells and NK cells
IL-22
Antimicrobial peptides
Tregs
negative immune regulation
CTL
perforin/granzyme pathway
death receptor pathway
Fas-FasL, TNF-alpha and TNF receptor
Induces target cell apoptosis
The fate of activated T cells
Suppress/eliminate effector T cells
memory T cells
naïve B cells
Antigen recognition
BCR specifically recognizes antigen receptors
Internalize and process antigen to form pMHC Ⅱ
Th
B1 cells
TI-2 antigen: pneumococcal cell wall, capsular polysaccharide
IgM
B cell activation
first signal
Co-receptors enhance signaling
CD40-CD40L
second signal
B cell proliferation and differentiation
extrafollicular activation
B. T cells are activated for 2-3 days after initial contact: primary aggregation foci are formed.
One week later: germinal center formed
Plasma cell
AntibodyIgM
memory B cells
Somatic high-frequency mutations, Ig affinity maturation, isotype switching
IgM
IgG
Fc segment
ADCC
IgA
IgD
IgE
FcγRIIb receptor
IgGFc segment
negative immune regulation
Activates the classical pathway of complement
Participates in the defense against re-infection of the body by the same pathogen
Cytotoxicity (MAC)
opsonization phagocytosis