Atkinson, Shefflin

Tulving

With or without conscious control

Procedural memory: acquired through repeated attempts, such as perceptual skills, motor skills (muscle memory), and cognitive skills Declarative memory: language teaching, conscious participation

Temporal lobe (Penfield electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe reminds people of childhood): middle part, subcortical organization (① hippocampus: short-long, consolidation, anterograde amnesia; ② amygdala: emotional memory

Prefrontal lobe: working memory, episodic memory, spatial memory, temporal order memory, encoding, storage, retrieval, left verbal memory

Reverberation loop: short-term memory

Synaptic structure: reduced number of neurons, increased number of protrusions, specific nerve impulses

Long-term potentiation mechanism (Boris): increased protrusive connection strength

Ribonucleic acid (Hayden): Memory information uses macromolecules as carriers

Hormones and memory (McGough): corticosteroids, vasopressin, epinephrine

Mode: auditory encoding (Kant)

Effect factors: ① Arousal state; ② Processing degree; ③ Blocking (7-2)

Definition: A memory system with limited capacity that temporarily stores and processes information.

Classification: ①Phonetic loop; (phonological storage and articulatory rehearsal) ②Visuospatial template; (Visual information, spatial information) ③Situational buffer; (Logistics) (Integration) (Connection to long-term memory); ④Central executive system; ( Coordination, allocation of attention)

Method: Semantic encoding

Effect factor: state of consciousness degree of processing

Dynamic changes: ① Reduction in quantity; ② Summary of content; ③ Complete and meaningful content; ④ Specific, exaggerated, and prominent content (knowledge points are in the textbook); ⑤ Memory recovery phenomenon: remember more after a period of time after learning, mainly in childhood

Conditions and methods: ① Effective review (timely, assigned, reading and reproduction, serial position effect); ② External memory; ③ Brain health and brain hygiene

Classification: divided into 4 categories according to whether it can be recognized and retrieved, and the time of forgetting

Process (first fast and then slow)

reason

Form: ① Recognition; ② Recall (association as the basis; tip of tongue effect: due to emotion or interference)

Clues: ① Situation dependence; ② State dependence: physiological state, psychological state

implicit

Explicit

Processing depth

duration

Load capacity

interference factors

ways of presenting