High School Chemistry Chapter 6 Section 1 History of Chemistry

This mind map is the knowledge point of subject three of the high school chemistry teacher qualification certificate. It specifically includes important events in the history of chemistry and the important role of chemistry history in middle school chemistry education and teaching.

Edited at 2023-11-14 13:47:03

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High School Chemistry Chapter 6 Section 1 History of Chemistry

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history of chemistry

1. Important events in the history of chemistry

The establishment of the concept of scientific chemical elements

The British chemist Boyle proposed the concept of elements. "Boyle established chemistry as a science."

The establishment of scientific combustion theory

German chemist Stahl proposed the "phlogiston theory", which states that combustion is the process in which substances lose phlogiston.

French chemist Lavoisier proved that combustion is a chemical reaction involving oxygen, proposed the "oxidation theory" and denied the "phlogiston theory".

The establishment of Dalton's scientific atomic theory

Dalton turned the imaginary atomic hypothesis into a scientific atomic theory; Dalton's atomic theory mainly includes the following three views. (Dalton's solid ball model) 1. Atoms are the smallest particles that undergo chemical changes and are inseparable. 2. Atoms of the same element have the same shape, mass and various properties. 3. Compounds are composed of atoms; From a modern point of view, the three views of Dalton's atomic theory are all inaccurate.

Avogadro's molecular theory

Avogadro established Avogadro's law and molecular theory (the first to propose the concept of molecules), but the value of Avogadro's constant was not measured by Avogadro.

Discovery of the periodic law of elements

Mendeleev of Russia created the world's first periodic table of chemical elements based on atomic weights.

Other important chemical events

Kekulé of Germany proposed the ring structure of benzene molecules

Van't Hoff of the Netherlands proposed the carbon valence tetrahedron theory, which explained the optical isomerism phenomenon of organic compounds.

Thomson of the United Kingdom was the first to discover electrons and proposed the "raisin pudding model" of atomic structure.

Rutherford of the United Kingdom proposed the "celestial planetary model" of atoms

Bohr of Denmark proposed the Bohr model

Schrödinger, Einstein, Bohr, Born, and Heisenberg developed quantum mechanics and established the Schrödinger equation, a wave equation that describes the movement of microscopic particles. In the same year, Bohr proposed a "quantum mechanical model" about atomic structure.

Pauling, hybrid theory of atomic orbitals.

Hou Debang---Hou's method of making alkali

2. The important role of chemical history in middle school chemistry education and teaching

Stimulate students' interest in learning chemistry and promote the achievement of knowledge and skill goals

Create rich chemistry teaching scenarios to promote the realization of process and method goals

Conducive to improving the quality of chemistry teaching

Conducive to the education of historical materialism

Conducive to cultivating students’ patriotism

Conducive to cultivating students' scientific literacy and humanistic literacy

Lavoisier, who measured the composition of air and was the first chemist to use balances as a tool to study chemistry (but he was not the first to use balances), experimentally proved the law of conservation of mass in chemistry for the first time.