All plants need light for photosynthesis, and no plant likes complete shade.

understory plants

Most flowering plants, most woody plants, most vines

Likes sun and tolerates shade, like some southern shrubs

water thoroughly

Dry thoroughly

Dry and water: most plants, drought-tolerant plants, water control stage

Suitable for frequent watering: large trees in small pots, large vines in small pots, plants with large leaves or many leaves that grow rapidly

Better wet than dry: plants that cannot recover after drying once, such as pearl grass; emergent plants, such as umbrella bamboo; rainforest plants, such as ferns

Better dry than wet: succulent, cactus

Generally, sown seedlings like to be moist, so they cannot be completely dry and watered at this time.

Generally, the seedlings are strong enough and have many leaves, so they can be easily dried out. You must water them in time. If you wait until they are completely dry and water them thoroughly, something could easily happen.

Very lush grass flowers, large hydrangea seedlings, and large sunflower seedlings relatively like water.

Bougainvillea that controls water should be watered less, and dormant plants should be watered less.

Plants in bloom prefer water more than usual

Water succulents as little as possible during the summer, or even stop watering.

Generally, water more in summer and less in winter. Water more when it is dry and windy, and water less when it is rainy and humid.

Loose and breathable Loose media: imported peat, coconut bran (water retention) Particles: perlite, volcanic stone Upgrade: pine scale, coarse coconut shell (water retention), cinder

Garden soil: easy to compact, heavy, water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining, easy to choke roots, many miscellaneous bacteria, may have root-knot nematodes, many weed seeds, slightly acidic in the south, weakly alkaline in the north, containing medium and trace elements

River sand/coarse river sand: good drainage, heavy, stable and non-pulverizing, clean and sterile after disinfection, heats up quickly after being exposed to the sun

Cinder: alkaline, good air permeability, sterile

Humus soil: loose and breathable, retaining water and fertilizer, rich in humus and trace elements, comprehensive nutrition, not hardened, Yecai contains a large number of pathogen eggs and weed seeds, and is slightly acidic

Pine needle soil: acidic, loose and breathable, water-retaining, rich in humus

Imported peat: contains humus, medium and trace elements, light, sterile and insect-free, loose and breathable, retains water and fertilizer, slightly acidic, significantly enhanced hydrophobicity after drying, difficult to water thoroughly

Coconut bran: renewable resource, cheap, loose and breathable, white water, contains salt and must be washed, contains no nutrients

Perlite: cheap, easy to powder, dust that cannot be discharged into the lungs, sterile and insect-free, good drainage and breathability, light, floats when watered

Vermiculite: has strong water absorption, retains water and fertilizer, is loose and breathable, contains medium and trace elements, neutralizes acidic soil, makes fertilizer slowly release, and is brittle.

Ceramsite: breathable and water-permeable, makes the pavement clean, will not splash mud when watering, acts as a bottom drainage layer, and prevents water accumulation and root rot

Red jade soil: expensive, slightly acidic, easy to powder, contains trace elements, retains water, and is relatively clean for paving

Kanuma soil: expensive, contains trace elements, retains fertilizer, is draining and breathable, and is easy to powder.

Volcanic stone: good breathability, contains trace elements and minerals

Medical stone: water and breathable, slightly acidic, more expensive and harder than perlite

Green zeolite: good drainage, breathable

Coconut shell: loose and breathable, retains water, contains salt and needs to be washed, and contains no nutrients

Fermented pine scale: loose and breathable, water-retaining and moisturizing, acidic

Plants with low ventilation requirements

Plants with high ventilation requirements

The reason for ventilation

Heat tolerance and cold tolerance: Temperature is the most important factor to consider when selecting plant species.

vernalization

Apply thin fertilizer frequently, especially for plants with poor fertilizer tolerance.

Do not fertilize weak seedlings or seedlings that have just been potted. Fertilizer is just the icing on the cake, not a timely help. If the plant does not grow well, do not think of fertilizing immediately.

Inorganic fertilizers cannot replace organic fertilizers. The same principle holds true. The two should be applied in combination, and organic fertilizers should be used mainly for what you eat.

If you can use slow-release fertilizer, don’t use compound fertilizer. If you can buy organic fertilizer, don’t make your own fertilizer.

You cannot save base fertilizer. When planting flowers, you generally use slow-release fertilizer plus organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer must be well decomposed.

Don’t always think that you are deficient in nutrients and iron. Like hydrangea, many times it’s just the heel of the plant that doesn’t grow well.

Some fertilizers cannot be applied together, such as urea and plant ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and plant ash

Different plants require different types of fertilizers

Different growth stages have different demands for fertilizer types. For example, in spring, after a large number of new leaves unfold, consider applying fast-acting high-nitrogen fertilizers. During flower bud differentiation and bud pregnancy, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied.

Inorganic fertilizer

Organic Fertilizer

Retting

Nutritional supplements, etc.

Hormones

Do not buy bare-root seedlings unless necessary, do not wash roots unless necessary, and try to avoid days with high temperatures in summer.

When you receive the yellow mud seedlings, do not spread the soil too loosely in the summer and pot it up. In seasons where the temperature is not high and the humidity is high, you can consider washing the roots and potting them up.

You can first soak in water with rooting agent or carbendazim added

In dry weather, complete potting as soon as possible, paying special attention to moisturizing the above-ground parts of the plants, such as bagging, wrapping, wrapping and raising soil commonly used for downhill piles.

Wash the roots and put them in a pot. The pot should be small rather than large, and potted with plain soil. Do not add any fertilizer, do not hollow out the middle of the root system, water the roots regularly, and pay attention to moisturizing.

Be patient and wait, especially for dormant bare-root seedlings. Don’t be tempted to pull them out and look at them.

Planting seedlings

Potting the cuttings

Succulents on the basin

Can be repotted in any season, repot before dormancy is over

Remove loose soil from the surface and do not plant too deep

The new soil medium should not be too different from the original pot soil medium.

Try to avoid the hottest and coldest days

Keep enough protective soil and prune appropriately

basin plus drainage layer

Consider the wet-dry cycle. Use small pots for small cats and large pots for large seedlings. Do not use large pots for small seedlings unless necessary.

Consider getting it right in one step. If you are inexperienced and not afraid of death, use a big pot for small seedlings. Improper operation will cause the seedlings to become stiff, and if the operation is serious, the seedlings will die.