MindMap Gallery Gardening knowledge mind map
This is a mind map about gardening knowledge, including flower selection precautions, accessories, flower pots, important elements, pruning, topping, pruning, etc.
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This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Gardening knowledge
Things to note when choosing flowers
Choose according to the climate of the area In places with cold winters, choose cold-resistant ones In places where the summer is hot and the time is long, choose heat-resistant ones. Particularly dry and cold places are not suitable for growing southern plants that prefer warmth.
With soil
Woody plants with soil
Most varieties are not picky about soil, but they generally grow better in loose and breathable soil.
Many woody plants in the south prefer acidic or slightly acidic soil, while the soil in the north is generally slightly alkaline.
If you want to grow a potted plant into a big tree or in a typhoon area, you need to consider the weight of the soil.
In rainy areas, the breathability and drainage of the soil should be considered
When the woody crown width becomes larger, the transpiration effect is greater, so the water retention of the soil for large seedlings must be considered.
Succulent with soil
The proportion of particles needs to be higher, or all particles should be used
flowerpot
Consideration dimensions: Impact on the root system, mainly issues of ventilation and heating and insulation appearance, price Physical properties, the most important one is weight, followed by the speed of heating by the sun Usage: seedlings, planting, potting, decoration
Resin plastic basin
Nutrient bowl: the cheapest, soft, ugly, large size and inconvenient to move Two-color basin: cheap, cost-effective, ugly, durable, moderate number of drainage holes, airtight walls, soft Gallon basin: durable, average appearance, moderate number of drainage holes. The walls are not breathable. light Root control pot: with legs on the bottom, depressions and seams on the wall, good drainage and good air permeability Alice Global: high-looking, expensive, with many styles and specifications
ceramic basin
Glazed: expensive, good-looking, wipeable when dirty, poor air permeability, less porous, heavy, can be used as a set of basins Unglazed: expensive, good-looking, will grow moss over time, extremely permeable, loses water quickly, has few low pores, is heavy, and will be heated quickly by the sun in summer
important elements
illumination
shade tolerant plants
All plants need light for photosynthesis, and no plant likes complete shade.
understory plants
Sun-loving plants
Most flowering plants, most woody plants, most vines
neutral plant
Likes sun and tolerates shade, like some southern shrubs
watering
Principle: Dry thoroughly and water thoroughly
water thoroughly
Phenomenon: It is generally difficult to water the medium that is really dry, and often the water will only flow out along the edge of the pot, and the center of the pot soil will not absorb any water at all.
Method: Water many times, add a mopping pot, soak the pot when watering, or water before it is too deep.
Dry thoroughly
General plants
The leaves are drooping and the soil in the pot is much lighter. If there is no problem with the root system, it must be completely dry.
Extremely drought tolerant plants
Jasmine and rose are already very dry by the time the leaves droop. If you don’t water them in time, a lot of yellow leaves will fall.
When controlling water on bougainvillea, you have to wait until the leaves droop before watering.
What plants to look at
Dry and water: most plants, drought-tolerant plants, water control stage
Suitable for frequent watering: large trees in small pots, large vines in small pots, plants with large leaves or many leaves that grow rapidly
Better wet than dry: plants that cannot recover after drying once, such as pearl grass; emergent plants, such as umbrella bamboo; rainforest plants, such as ferns
Better dry than wet: succulent, cactus
Depends on what stage of the plant
Generally, sown seedlings like to be moist, so they cannot be completely dry and watered at this time.
Generally, the seedlings are strong enough and have many leaves, so they can be easily dried out. You must water them in time. If you wait until they are completely dry and water them thoroughly, something could easily happen.
Very lush grass flowers, large hydrangea seedlings, and large sunflower seedlings relatively like water.
Bougainvillea that controls water should be watered less, and dormant plants should be watered less.
Plants in bloom prefer water more than usual
Water succulents as little as possible during the summer, or even stop watering.
Depends on seasonal weather
Generally, water more in summer and less in winter. Water more when it is dry and windy, and water less when it is rainy and humid.
soil
loose medium
Loose and breathable Loose media: imported peat, coconut bran (water retention) Particles: perlite, volcanic stone Upgrade: pine scale, coarse coconut shell (water retention), cinder
Commonly used formula: peat perlite
For high-humidity areas such as Guangdong, water retention is too strong and may cause problems.
Garden soil: easy to compact, heavy, water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining, easy to choke roots, many miscellaneous bacteria, may have root-knot nematodes, many weed seeds, slightly acidic in the south, weakly alkaline in the north, containing medium and trace elements
River sand/coarse river sand: good drainage, heavy, stable and non-pulverizing, clean and sterile after disinfection, heats up quickly after being exposed to the sun
Cinder: alkaline, good air permeability, sterile
Humus soil: loose and breathable, retaining water and fertilizer, rich in humus and trace elements, comprehensive nutrition, not hardened, Yecai contains a large number of pathogen eggs and weed seeds, and is slightly acidic
Pine needle soil: acidic, loose and breathable, water-retaining, rich in humus
Imported peat: contains humus, medium and trace elements, light, sterile and insect-free, loose and breathable, retains water and fertilizer, slightly acidic, significantly enhanced hydrophobicity after drying, difficult to water thoroughly
Coconut bran: renewable resource, cheap, loose and breathable, white water, contains salt and must be washed, contains no nutrients
granular media
Perlite: cheap, easy to powder, dust that cannot be discharged into the lungs, sterile and insect-free, good drainage and breathability, light, floats when watered
Vermiculite: has strong water absorption, retains water and fertilizer, is loose and breathable, contains medium and trace elements, neutralizes acidic soil, makes fertilizer slowly release, and is brittle.
Ceramsite: breathable and water-permeable, makes the pavement clean, will not splash mud when watering, acts as a bottom drainage layer, and prevents water accumulation and root rot
Red jade soil: expensive, slightly acidic, easy to powder, contains trace elements, retains water, and is relatively clean for paving
Kanuma soil: expensive, contains trace elements, retains fertilizer, is draining and breathable, and is easy to powder.
Volcanic stone: good breathability, contains trace elements and minerals
Medical stone: water and breathable, slightly acidic, more expensive and harder than perlite
Green zeolite: good drainage, breathable
Coconut shell: loose and breathable, retains water, contains salt and needs to be washed, and contains no nutrients
Fermented pine scale: loose and breathable, water-retaining and moisturizing, acidic
gas
ventilation
Plants with low ventilation requirements
There are almost no plants that do not require ventilation. Just because they do not have high ventilation requirements does not mean that they do not need ventilation.
Araceae, ferns, arrowroot
Suitable for indoor growing
Plants with high ventilation requirements
Not suitable for indoor cultivation. Closed balconies require ventilation and are best kept outdoors.
Most plants, plants with dense leaves, typically grass flowers, roses
The reason for ventilation
Circulating air brings enough oxygen and carbon dioxide to reduce the temperature and humidity around the plants
ventilation reaction
When the humidity outside is higher, ventilation brings more humid air, and opening windows at this time can easily induce fungal diseases.
When it is drier and colder outside, ventilation brings more humid air. At this time, opening the windows and blowing directly, or a sudden drop in temperature when growing in the open can easily blow the plants to death.
temperature
Heat tolerance and cold tolerance: Temperature is the most important factor to consider when selecting plant species.
vernalization
Rainwater: waterlogging resistance, moisture resistance and drainage issues
Typhoon: High safety issues of inverted supporting plants
fertilize
Base fertilizer: sheep manure, slow-release fertilizer
in principle
Apply thin fertilizer frequently, especially for plants with poor fertilizer tolerance.
Do not fertilize weak seedlings or seedlings that have just been potted. Fertilizer is just the icing on the cake, not a timely help. If the plant does not grow well, do not think of fertilizing immediately.
Inorganic fertilizers cannot replace organic fertilizers. The same principle holds true. The two should be applied in combination, and organic fertilizers should be used mainly for what you eat.
If you can use slow-release fertilizer, don’t use compound fertilizer. If you can buy organic fertilizer, don’t make your own fertilizer.
You cannot save base fertilizer. When planting flowers, you generally use slow-release fertilizer plus organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer must be well decomposed.
Don’t always think that you are deficient in nutrients and iron. Like hydrangea, many times it’s just the heel of the plant that doesn’t grow well.
Some fertilizers cannot be applied together, such as urea and plant ash, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and plant ash
Different plants require different types of fertilizers
Different growth stages have different demands for fertilizer types. For example, in spring, after a large number of new leaves unfold, consider applying fast-acting high-nitrogen fertilizers. During flower bud differentiation and bud pregnancy, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied.
type
Inorganic fertilizer
Compound fertilizer
Ordinary compound fertilizer: strong fertility, quick effect, easy to burn seedlings, cannot replace organic fertilizer
Water-soluble fertilizer: used for top dressing, can be used as foliar fertilizer, quick-acting
slow release fertilizer
In fact, it is also considered a compound fertilizer. It has long-lasting fertilizer effect, slow release, safety, and is not easy to burn seedlings.
Organic Fertilizer
Rice husk charcoal, plant ash: potassium fertilizer, sterilization and insect repellent, alkaline, some plants that like slightly acidic soil cannot be used.
Sheep manure: It has mild fertility and is relatively safe among manures, but there are many fakes and it is not fully decomposed and can easily lead to the proliferation of pathogens.
Chicken manure: high in fertility, insufficient decomposition and easy to induce root-knot nematode disease, and may contain residual antibiotics
Vermicompost: mild fertility, high fertilizer efficiency, good pellet structure, unprocessed and contains earthworm eggs
Bone meal: phosphate fertilizer, slow and long-lasting fertilizer effect
Retting
It must be well decomposed. If you want to bury it, don’t bury it too close to the root system. Don’t use salty things for retting.
Nutritional supplements, etc.
Mineral potassium fulvic acid: multiple functions, soil conditioner, used for soil compaction, improving the effect of fertilizers, and improving plant resistance
Seaweed essence: alkaline, comprehensive nutritional fertilizer, rooting agent, enhances plant stress resistance and can prevent root rot. Viral diseases, etc.
Novices don’t need to touch EM bacteria, amino acid glucose, etc.
Hormones
Do not use unless necessary. Hormone products are overdrafting plant nutrients.
Rooting agent: Promote rooting
Brassinolides: multiple effects, alleviating phytotoxicity and fertilizer damage, improving plant stress resistance, etc.
Gibberellins: multiple functions, promoting germination, growth, flowering and fruiting, etc.
Potting/repotting
Upper basin
Bare root potting/washed root potting
Do not buy bare-root seedlings unless necessary, do not wash roots unless necessary, and try to avoid days with high temperatures in summer.
When you receive the yellow mud seedlings, do not spread the soil too loosely in the summer and pot it up. In seasons where the temperature is not high and the humidity is high, you can consider washing the roots and potting them up.
You can first soak in water with rooting agent or carbendazim added
In dry weather, complete potting as soon as possible, paying special attention to moisturizing the above-ground parts of the plants, such as bagging, wrapping, wrapping and raising soil commonly used for downhill piles.
Wash the roots and put them in a pot. The pot should be small rather than large, and potted with plain soil. Do not add any fertilizer, do not hollow out the middle of the root system, water the roots regularly, and pay attention to moisturizing.
Be patient and wait, especially for dormant bare-root seedlings. Don’t be tempted to pull them out and look at them.
Non-bare root potting
Planting seedlings
Choose a suitable pot, pay attention to the distance between seedlings when planting in a planting box, and water thoroughly
Pay attention to the sun for a few days after planting, give it gradually, and avoid being too cold or too hot. Don’t rush to water, let alone fertilize.
Potting the cuttings
At least wait until you see roots at the bottom before considering potting. Try to retain as much soil as possible by gently pulling out. Be gentle when potting, and use a small pot.
Depending on the strength of the root system and the integrity of the soil mass retained when pulling out, provide corresponding light and pay attention to moisturizing.
Succulents on the basin
In fact, succulent pots are considered bare root pots. When pruning the roots, do not water them. Put them in a cool place. Be patient. If you feel a grip when you lift them gently, it means that the roots in the pot have spread. You can water them appropriately.
Repot
Repotting without breaking up the soil balls
Can be repotted in any season, repot before dormancy is over
Remove loose soil from the surface and do not plant too deep
The new soil medium should not be too different from the original pot soil medium.
Repotting to break up the soil balls
Try to avoid the hottest and coldest days
Keep enough protective soil and prune appropriately
basin plus drainage layer
How big a flower pot to use
Consider the wet-dry cycle. Use small pots for small cats and large pots for large seedlings. Do not use large pots for small seedlings unless necessary.
Consider getting it right in one step. If you are inexperienced and not afraid of death, use a big pot for small seedlings. Improper operation will cause the seedlings to become stiff, and if the operation is serious, the seedlings will die.
Pruning, topping, pruning
prune
Topping
Remove the top buds and allow the lower buds to germinate, then top them again and germinate again.
Topping can be done continuously many times as long as it does not delay the flowering period.
Do not top on rainy days. Topping must be combined with fertilization to be more effective.
pinch buds
If you can't find a top, pinch it.
It is easy to pinch the buds, and the plant growth will weaken, and then the yellow leaves will wither, because the flowering period has been missed because it has been pinched too much.