MindMap Gallery Open mind mind map
This is an article about opening the mind map, mental growth, improving cognition, understanding the operating principles of the brain, and providing methods and other knowledge.
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This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
open mind Li Ruiqiu
The underlying principles of the brain - the four pillars of mental models
Energy saving: Humans can do anything without thinking
Energy saving is the essence of the brain and the root of all principles
todo: Make everything automated
Willpower is limited: efforts should be made to convert controlled processing into automated processing to save resources
todo: develop a habit, be automatic and spontaneous
Our rationality is also limited: the principle of the brain in processing problems is not to make the best choice, but to make the most cost-effective choice. Familiarity will improve cognitive fluency, improve the simple exposure effect, and save energy and effort.
todo: the same knowledge appears repeatedly, refining golden sentences, and the application of Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve
Dual-system model: one is intuitive and fast; the other is thoughtful. In order to save more energy, it is unwise to choose System 1. You can overcome the tendency to take shortcuts through strong motivation and use more data and information to think comprehensively.
todo: Think twice before doing anything and ask why? What are the consequences?
Stability: an accomplice that slows down growth
Three principles of stability: certainty, consistency, and adaptability
Certainty is the source of security: uncertainty is the source of anxiety. The essence of anxiety is the fear of uncertainty, and anxiety is like a maggot attached to the bone.
Todo: Reduce ambiguity and uncertainty, reduce the contradiction and conflict between the information received by the brain and the mental model, and make as few changes as possible, because maintaining the original model is the most energy-saving. Develop stable living and studying habits.
implicit self
Todo: Continuously enrich and strengthen your inner self in life, follow your heart to make more decisions and resolutely implement actions, and strengthen your ability to make decisions independently instead of avoiding and procrastinating.
Consistency: The brain that doesn’t want to admit it’s wrong. When behavior and cognition are inconsistent, in order to reduce conflicts and contradictions, the brain usually strengthens its position through "rationalization." For example: Because it is difficult to quit smoking, smokers will resolve conflicts by adjusting their cognition, telling themselves that "attraction may not be harmful to health, this is a small probability event, and the guy next door, Lao Wang, can live to be 85 even if he smokes, etc."
todo: The position is based on interests, improves cognition, and achieves the unity of knowledge and action, from knowing to doing.
Adaptability: The best state is unchanged. We hope to stay at the "baseline" unchanged. Being in an "abnormal state" for a long time will produce chronic stress. All behaviors and states that deviate from the baseline are abnormal to the brain and need to be repaired and corrected. Changes in brain cognition are not mutations but gradual changes, just like planting a seed, caring for it carefully, and waiting for it to grow slowly.
todo: Believe in the power of persistence, change a little bit every day, don’t think about losing weight in one breath, don’t think about fishing for three days and drying nets for two days.
todo: record things that make you feel anxious and irritable, record "what you are most grateful for today", and keep an emotional diary.
Prediction: What you feed your brain is what it becomes
The brain understands the world through prediction: it fine-tunes the brain's mental model through information input every day, and then uses the mental world to make predictive responses to encountered situations, and test the effectiveness of the mental model through prediction comparison.
todo: Make more conscious awareness and fine-tune
Our world is actually an illusion, a "future" imagined and simulated by the brain based on past experience. For example: when to catch a badminton ball, long-term training will form an experience firing arc.
todo: repeated learning and repeated practice
Every move you make is training the brain: Bayesian brain. Whatever information you feed to the brain, the brain will think what the world is like, so it wants to evolve in the corresponding direction, use it or lose it. For example: The hippocampus of a London taxi driver is more active than that of ordinary people. Because London's roads are complex, the connection between the driver's hippocampus and neurons is closer and more developed. The ears of blind people are more sensitive to sound than those of ordinary people.
Todo: Read more, think more, and constantly iterate old knowledge with new knowledge to make the legs connecting neurons stronger.
I have predicted your prediction: The brain's prediction principle tells us that predictions that are completely in line with expectations are not advisable. Life needs a little more fresh stimulation to move forward better.
todo: Nothing can remain static. Exercise can also be combined with 135 strength and 246 aerobic. The freshness can better activate the inner motivation system.
Feedback: A sweet trap that makes you unable to stop
The brain's powerhouse: dopamine, a neurotransmitter used to carry messages between neurons. There are multiple paths for information transmission, called "pathways", which connect different brain areas and play different roles. The first is called the substantia nigra-striatal pathway, which is mainly involved in the control and regulation of movement; the second is called the mesencephalon-cortical pathway, which is mainly involved in decision-making functions; the third is called the nodule-infundibular pathway, which is mainly involved in reproduction; the focus is The fourth mesencephalic-limbic pathway is also called the reward circuit. When the fourth pathway is activated by dopamine, it brings about powerful motivation and passion. The core role of dopamine: providing us with motivation and motivating us to act. The underlying nature of the brain: seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. Energy saving is a manifestation of avoiding harm, and seeking profit is controlled by the reward loop. The reward circuit is most sensitive to sugar, which is related to survival; secondly, it is love related to fertility; thirdly, it is related to adaptability, such as watching short videos on mobile phones, etc. Dopamine will mark these profit-seeking behaviors to gain more capabilities and competitive advantages.
todo: Provide timely and positive feedback on children's behavior, and use the principle of reward loop to strengthen positive behaviors, such as timely bonus points after washing the dishes, regular settlement, and you have the right to control the rewards you receive.
Dopamine: Pleasure or motivation? Pleasure is regulated by "hedonic hot spots," another complex set of mechanisms that have nothing to do with dopamine. Conclusion: 1. Dopamine regulates motivation, not happiness; 2. When we receive positive feedback, the brain will secrete dopamine, thereby activating the reward circuit to stimulate our motivation; 3. In the reward circuit, the higher the concentration of dopamine, the The stronger the motivation; 4. Happiness is regulated by hedonic hotspots and is affected by another set of mechanisms that have nothing to do with dopamine.
Todo: Use the principle of the reward circuit to stimulate the secretion of dopamine at multiple points and activate the motivation system, such as exercising or completing a task that is one dimension higher than the current level to gain a sense of accomplishment.
How to overcome brain shortsightedness? The essence of reward is prediction error. Every time a reward is obtained through action, the brain will label "putting it into action" and increase our dopamine levels before the next action, giving us motivation and allowing us to face more challenges. Big difficulty.
Master your emotions: How to be friends with your emotions
The Nature of Emotions: The Brain’s Preprogrammed Alarms
Don't regard emotions as scourges. "Fear" can make people deal with danger more efficiently. Don't reject and reject emotions, but understand and accept them, and then guide and appease them so that they can develop in the direction you want to avoid being harmed. Its mercy and control. There are three main types of negative emotions: anger, fear, and anxiety
todo: Be aware of your emotions at all times, accept them, when they come knocking on the door, turn away and wait until they leave before solving the problem.
Anger, fear, anxiety, where do they come from?
Primitive brain, emotional brain, rational brain
Primitive brain: Responsible for life maintenance, basic movement, attack, escape, attack and other instincts
Amygdala-prefrontal pathway, fear, anger, and anxiety are closely related to the amygdala. The role of the amygdala is "situational memory" and "threat recognition". It will take over our brains and control the body to quickly secrete hormones or muster courage. Go and beat the challenge or run away immediately. Anger is a high arousal response and fear is a low arousal response. Another part, the prefrontal cortex, is responsible for decision-making, planning, abstract thinking, reasoning, decision-making and other functions. It has the function of inhibition to prevent oneself from being dominated by impulse and instinct.
Emotional brain: Limbic system, mainly responsible for primitive emotions, emotions and other functions
Todo: Exercise our prefrontal cortex more, giving it a higher priority, activating the prefrontal cortex, inhibiting the amygdala, allowing us to switch from emotional dominance to rational dominance, and free up space for the brain to think. Use the brain or lose it.
Rational brain: Also known as the neocortex, it is responsible for advanced functions such as language, planning, thinking, and decision-making.
Scenarios and experiences are effective ways to activate the prefrontal lobes, strengthening the brain's ability to make judgments and plans. You can also activate the prefrontal lobe through reading and thinking, and exercise your ability to comprehensively process information. The two complement each other. Exercising the prefrontal lobe can suppress the amygdala, thereby reducing the distress of negative emotions.
subtopic
Four weapons to control your emotions
Emotions are not facts. Observe and analyze yourself with third-party vision, and analyze current events with future vision.
Of all things, about 85% never happen. If the thing you are worried about does happen, about 79% of the results are much better than you expected.
todu: visual analysis using the third person and the future person
Cognitive restructuring: As beliefs change, emotions will also change.
todo: adjust beliefs through conscious training, reconstruct cognition, and replace negative beliefs with positive beliefs that will not cause waves. There are different beliefs and different opinions. When others refute you, you just have the opportunity to complete another aspect to make your own point of view more comprehensive and accurate.
expressive writing
todo: record things that make you feel anxious and irritable, record "what you are most grateful for today", and keep an emotional diary.
implicit self
Todo: Continuously enrich and strengthen your inner self in life, follow your heart to make more decisions and resolutely implement actions, and strengthen your ability to make decisions independently instead of avoiding and procrastinating.
Seven daily habits to improve emotional immunity
anxiety box
First record the anxiety problem, and choose a time period every day to focus on dealing with the anxiety problem. You will find that most of the things you are anxious and worried about will never happen. If you face the same problem in the future, you will have more courage to fight against it.
todo: record anxious issues and focus on dealing with them at 4 p.m.
back yard
Pick up a hobby as a way of life for rest and relaxation. When you derive a sense of happiness and fulfillment from life, the prefrontal cortex is stimulated and the amygdala is inhibited.
todo: Cultivate interest in reading
social contact
Study a book, discuss a topic together, play games together, do crafts together, etc.
todo: read one book per week
Sunlight
Stable, adequate serotonin levels keep us calm. The overall emotional state of night people is somewhat worse than that of morning people. Not getting enough light. Sunbathing is the lowest threshold and most cost-effective way to improve physical and mental health.
todo: do more outdoor activities
sleep
Avoid staying up late and not getting enough sleep, as blood supply and nutrition to the brain will be affected.
todo: Go to bed early and get up early
exercise
Your physical state determines the upper limit of your mental state. People in good health have greater initiative, enterprising spirit, self-confidence and perseverance.
todo: exercise for 30 minutes every day
read and think
Read every day, try to read one book a week, and write reading notes to share on weekends.
Self-motivation: How to stick to one thing for a long time
Can’t exercise self-discipline? it's not your problem
Self-discipline is a false concept. The old perception is that a lot of willpower must be expended to be self-disciplined, but true self-discipline is to develop habits and does not expend a lot of willpower.
todo: Don’t spend a lot of energy to develop self-discipline, but achieve self-discipline through repeated practice.
Does willpower really exist?
Infinite willpower model: Believing that willpower is infinite, the brain’s prediction of it helps us better form self-discipline.
todo: The belief that firm willpower is unlimited.
Criticism of delayed gratification: The idea that delayed gratification can make a person better is wrong. Personal growth is driven by two aspects: one is trust in the environment and the external world; the other is good cognitive ability.
Todo: It is not to deliberately create conditions for delayed gratification, but to give children sufficient affirmation to reduce pressure on the brain and improve learning ability and cognitive level.
How do you think about willpower? I believe that my willpower is unlimited and I can do whatever I want to do. I firmly believe that willpower will increase the more you use it. This is the "reverse self-depletion" effect.
todo: After accomplishing something big, do something you like to make your life more fulfilling and give you a sense of gain.
System optimization: turning self-discipline into self-driving
Power-resistance model: Let power exceed resistance, which is self-driving force. The most effective way is to find fun in learning and link learning with pleasure. The environment around us will in turn enhance the inertia of the brain, strengthen our resistance, and constrain our steps. We must tap and improve our motivation while reducing the resistance we face.
todo: Find something that interests you and a suitable learning method.
System optimization method: first set the framework, then build the simplest system, and finally continue to optimize it until the desired vision is achieved. This method maximizes power while minimizing our resistance.
todo: Everything has a pattern. Find patterns for learning and doing other things. Standardize operations to reduce resource consumption.
Two practical cases: Reading, first try reading for 20 minutes after get off work every day, take simple keyword notes, review in time, try for a week to see the effect before making adjustments. Fitness is a lifestyle that is sustainable every day and requires no effort. Don’t treat fitness as a person or a chore. Start with simple things, 10 minutes of aerobic exercise every day, and slowly increase it. In the process, you will experience the fun and changes that exercise brings to you, thereby stimulating the prefrontal cortex. , improve power. Good habits must not be generated out of thin air or persisted deliberately. Instead, you must first take the smallest necessary steps to improve your behavior pattern as a whole, wait until your brain adapts, and then push it one step further to further improve and then adapt. Once your lifestyle changes, new habits will need to "stick" and become a natural thing.
todo: Start with a simple system and stick to it, then gradually improve it.
What limits us is never a lack of willpower, but the entire lifestyle and values. Only by starting from the lifestyle, improving step by step, obtaining feedback and then fine-tuning can we better drive behavioral changes. What we pursue is never self-discipline, but self-driving.
Avoid the "counter trap"
Counter trap: Don’t quantify your goals. For example, the goal of reading 50 pages of books every day is quantification, which can easily lead to completing for the sake of completion, swallowing the jujube, buying the casket for the pearl. What is really important is the process of thinking and chewing when reading, the inspiration part. The thinking of "set a value for yourself and then work hard to achieve this value" seems very good, but in fact it is of little use.
todo: Don’t read for the sake of reading, think deeply and review in time
The system behind the problem
To build your own knowledge system, you must first know what kind of framework you have, and fill the framework according to your needs, so that what you learn can be truly internalized and absorbed, and it is meaningful.
todo: To establish a systematic way of thinking, everything has a system and model. Build your own thinking system and practice it with a simple and easy-to-operate model.
Tips for continuous action: slowly replace old habits with new ones, slowly advance with small goals and short periods of time, and know how to adapt to new habit patterns. Act in a way that feels comfortable and let the change happen slowly.
todo: Keep a comfortable and happy attitude when doing things, and provide positive feedback in a timely manner after completion.
Decisive action: get rid of laziness, procrastination and fear of difficulties
no patience? Four Reasons That Cannibalize Mobility
I understand the truth, but I still can’t live this life well. Four modes of action: stability needs, threat sensitivity, lack of feedback, and status orientation.
todo: Be a long-termist
Threat Sensitivity: Are You a Mentally Introverted Person?
The mental internal friction that overwhelms us: always thinking too much, being stuck in thoughts, and taking little action. DMN is called the default mode network, and CEN is the regular mode, called the central execution network. DMN is also called the "dark matter of the brain". Like the dark matter of the universe, it occupies a large amount of resources and space when invisible. But people with active DMN have better long-term memory, imagination, and creativity, but are weaker in concentration. CEN enables concentration.
todo: Reduce mental internal consumption and release the space occupied by DMN.
The black hole of fear that takes away our courage: The characteristics of threat sensitivity: first, it is easy to exaggerate and magnify external dangers, and second, it is more sensitive to losses than gains. Overactivity of the DMN will reduce your sense of well-being and distract your energy. Focused CEN is more likely to bring about flow. The longer a person is in DMN, the lower the overall sense of well-being tends to be.
todo: reduce DMN and increase CEN.
Ways to improve brain control
Take control of your thoughts
Record the negative thoughts in a notebook, and set aside a fixed time to interrogate them one by one: Is this true? Is it likely to happen? Is there any way I can deal with it.
Exercise concentration and perception skills
Mindfulness of Lilanxi, focusing on breathing, and experiencing the whole process of breathing, 10-15 minutes.
Actively guide DMN
Take some time every day to be alone and think. The best way to use the fragmented time is not to read or study, but to think. When you are free every day, replay the things you have done before and the knowledge you have learned in your mind, and learn repeatedly.
Develop the habit of action
Act immediately to turn the unknown into the known, the uncertainty into the certainty, and no longer occupy your cognitive resources. Action is the first step to start a positive feedback loop. It turns out that the things I fear are not so scary, and I understand that worries and anxiety are unnecessary.
minimum action method
With real-time thinking, many things do not need to be over-planned. First, be mentally prepared and have a thorough emergency plan, and then respond flexibly according to the situation. This is a better execution strategy. Fear only exists behind you. It is like a shadow, holding you tightly and binding you.
Lack of Feedback: How to Beat Short-Term Temptations
why we procrastinate
Action = (expectation * value) / (distraction * delay), the higher the action, the less likely a person is to procrastinate. Expectation refers to a person's confidence in completing something, value refers to the reward that the thing can bring, distraction refers to the ability to stay focused, and latency refers to how long it takes to complete the thing. What he gives you in return. The greater the ability, the higher the reward, the stronger the concentration, and the shorter the time required, which together constitute high mobility.
continuous power system
Willpower alone won’t work, you need to make things fun. Fun, reward, and even meaning are what drives you.
Turn thinking into fun
Thinking is a pleasure. The common characteristics of short-term temptation and flow state are: immersion, but after short-term temptation, you will feel empty and bored, while after flow, you will experience a sense of accomplishment, satisfaction, and passion. Consumption will raise your happiness threshold, and it will gradually become harder and harder to satisfy your desires, and you will eventually become bored with everything.
experience value mentality
Get experience value thinking and use this vision to look at everything in life. No difficulty will be able to stump you. Everything you experience and gain will become nutrients to help you better face the "BOSS'" of the next level.
Status Orientation: Don’t wait until you are ready to act
Overpreparation is a cop-out
Temporal model of regret: Regret for not doing something is far greater than for doing something wrong. Action-oriented means moving quickly. Status orientation means "act when you are ready." It is easy to let this unresolved matter stay in the background of your brain and become a burden on your thinking, constantly increasing the pressure on your brain.
three-stage model
There are three state-oriented stages: worry, fear, and avoidance; three action-oriented stages: excitement, testing, and change.
How to change status orientation
1. Strengthen the implicit self. You must learn to make decisions independently. Don’t be casual, don’t follow others’ opinions, and think more about what I want, what I want to do, and how I think I should do it. Every time I make a decision and get feedback from the results, it is a kind of feedback. Exercise and affirmation of the brain constantly enrich the inner self.
2. Do difficult things, be exposed to difficult things, and clear the uncertainty about it from your brain. Take action and get feedback from it.
The frog-eating rule: Prioritize the most important, difficult, and life-saving things every day. The most repulsive and least wanting to touch, even if you take the first step, you will feel refreshed.
Change your thinking perspective: Active procrastination: There is an important activity on Friday. Think through the most difficult relief first, then put it aside, wait until Friday, and then implement it in one go, reduce unnecessary thinking and anxiety, and get it done in one go; Negative Procrastination: Keep procrastinating, not taking action until the deadline, rushing to get things done, and doing things half-heartedly.
Learn to actively procrastinate: You know very well how to do this thing, but don’t do it now until the deadline is close. This can minimize the time and energy spent on this matter. Secondly, it can put pressure on the brain to govern the party and make it easier for you to do it. Under pressure, the brain "opens up its power and slowly adapts to this fast pace."
Only action can change everything.
Efficient learning: How to create a lifelong learning system
The principle of learning: Put me first and use it for me
Avoid "doing question-based reading"
It’s not about the amount of reading, how many notes you take, how many articles you collect, how many mind maps you make, or how many ideas you remember. This is just copying other people's opinions and copying other people's brains. You should pay attention to what you are interested in, what questions you have thought about, what ideas you have generated, and how much knowledge you have internalized into your brain.
From author-centered to me-centered
Based on my opinions, I will broaden my cognitive boundaries, learn from others' strengths, and refine the 2.0 version of my opinions. Iterating passive learning with active learning. Construct your own opinions and build your own knowledge base.
My learning and growth system
Knowledge you can use when knowledge helps you make decisions. Cooper Learning Circle: Application, Thinking, Knowledge. Extracting experience from application, refining ideas from knowledge, condensing and integrating them to form "my opinion" and become one's own thinking model and methodology, this is thinking. Using my opinions to guide actions and solve practical problems in life is application. Expand cognitive boundaries through active learning, fill gaps in thinking, and form a system.
Don't take shortcuts, memory is the trace of thinking
The more effort, the better the effect
Free recall, cued recall, and recognition. The most labor-saving method has the worst effect, and the most troublesome method has the best effect.
Several common bad habits
Original excerpt and copy-paste
Between fine processing and mechanical processing, choose the former. After thinking and chewing, speak out the knowledge points in your own language.
Pursuit of memoryMore content
The brain is for thinking, not for remembering. Remember the knowledge framework and location, and think about its connection with other knowledge points.
The pursuit of concentration and dismantling
Condensation and dismantling are both buying a piece of paper and giving it back. It is not about learning this action, but about the collision of thoughts, thoughts and connections with the author through reading.
Pursue quick results and "dry stuff"
It is not to copy the method, but to explore the reasons behind it, and to know why it is so. Understand the logic behind it, think about your own needs and actual situation, and then adjust based on the above two points to find a method that suits you and become a new methodology that is unique to you.
Reshape knowledge and draw a knowledge map in your mind
how we understand new knowledge
Extend new connections based on old knowledge, establish new knowledge, and form your own knowledge network
DIKW model
Data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and cognitive resources are the basis for thinking, and they must be called upon at any time to iterate on old knowledge.
Simplify or explain clearly
The author's point of view is to explain it clearly. When encountering an unfamiliar concept, he must find a way to describe its ins and outs, internal logic, principles, and scenarios. Simplification means reducing dimensions and replacing them with similar concepts or familiar schemas and examples. For me, it's good to be able to achieve a simplified concept.
Core method: INKP knowledge management method
Inefficient knowledge management
Scattered, passive, hoarding
Overview of the INKP Knowledge Management Method
Create four folders: I is the inbox to quickly record information without interrupting reading. N is concept note; K integrates concepts and logically connects concepts to form topic notes, like a workbench. P stands for project notes, implementation plans, and summary reports. It is the main console and workbench to form new knowledge.
I (Inbox) represents collection, N (Note) represents record, K (Knowledge) represents knowledge, and P (project) represents project.
Practice and examples
Examples of mental infighting
INKP’s four major concepts
1. Links and Quotes
2. Five-step method for knowledge and digestion
Summarize, connect, give examples, write inspiration, note sources
bottom up, top down
Bottom-up means free growth. Don’t think too much about learning first, and then forming a framework through review and integration. Top-down is to build the framework first and then fill it in. The disadvantage of the former is that collecting notes is aimless and has no direction, resulting in fragmentation. Top-down is suitable for those who have a certain learning foundation and like to delve into a certain problem.
Find a method that suits you. I am currently suitable for bottom-up, with a few concepts at the bottom and topic notes at the top.
conceptualization
Concepts reflect the general and essential characteristics of objective things. is a noun or phrase.
Deep Thinking: How to Become a Smarter Person
Mental fit: understanding how to grow
Growth is the fitting of the mental world to the real world
The process of a person becoming stronger is the fitting of the "mental world" to the "real world". The mental knowledge world includes concepts, rules, and frameworks. The three are closely connected. Rules can help us understand new situations, provide us with a framework to think and deal with new problems, and can in turn be precipitated and refined into new rules to enrich our mental world. Your mental world constantly absorbs information from the outside world, constantly expands its boundaries, and refines new concepts, rules, and frameworks to optimize and update old models. This is a cycle of growth.
What is the mental world
A person with a high mental world is a wise person. Being wise does not lie in how good his memory is or how fast his brain turns, but in whether he can maintain an open mind at all times, quickly understand new situations, and Adjust your status in time so that you are always ready.
The cage that binds us
In a person's growth process, the most terrifying thing is not the changes in the external world, nor the impact, but the solidification of the mental world, maintaining the status quo and no longer growing.
Three principles for keeping the mental world alive
inconsistent
Accept new information, compare it with old beliefs, and find a compatible way to coexist; don’t rely on old rules and frameworks, always be mentally prepared for “I might have been wrong before,” and always update your knowledge system;
totalization
Learn to look at some problems from a holistic and systematic perspective. The world is much bigger than you think.
diversification
To put your eggs in one basket, you need to enrich your choices: learn a skill, develop a hobby, develop a side job, extensively explore other fields, etc. Try to set a goal for yourself, meet a few people every month, take time to set goals for yourself, and learn some new skills; when you encounter problems, ask others for advice and refer to other people's practices to increase your available resources when facing problems. Thinking Tools.
Change "task mentality" to "experiment mentality"
Task mentality and experimental mentality
With a service mentality, it is easy for people to rush around "putting out fires" and stabilize all unstable factors. It is difficult to have free time to think and reflect. They just want to complete the task at hand and restore themselves to a stable state. A better thinking mode is to let the brain change from habitual stability to habit change, and accept that life is full of unknowns and uncertainties.
Questions and Hypotheses
The first step is to find out what is the source of not feeling good enough? What changes might I be able to make?
try and compare
Design Goals: What am I trying to adjust and what can I change? Experimental comparison: What can I try that contrasts with the original approach? Observation results: Find out which factors are important and critical and need to be noticed and paid attention to. Control variables throughout the process and don’t pursue too big a change. Just take one new behavior each time. Focus on observing the difference between your mental state between this new behavior and the old behavior pattern, and you will gain What kind of feedback.
Observe mentality
Observing the true state of mind means to pull yourself away, don't be overly immersed in it, and don't place too much emphasis on the results. Instead, pay attention to your own feelings, subtle changes, feedback received during the process, as well as the problems and results that may arise from it. You need to pay attention to the following three things: avoid paying too much attention to the results, record the problems encountered in the process, make your own assumptions and guesses about the problems, practice repeatedly, and test the effectiveness.
experience mentality
The experience mentality is to regard all challenges and difficulties as an opportunity to increase experience value. Don't focus too much on "whether I will fail" but focus more on "what can I learn from it." Adopting this mentality can bring about two levels of changes: 1. Shift from focusing on what may go wrong to what I can do right, and shift from what I may lose to what I may gain. 2. Release your potential and possibilities. Once you no longer hold worries and fears, you will have the opportunity to try new methods and take new actions when facing new difficulties and challenges, thereby continuously resolving and overcoming the challenges you face. questions, which made my thinking about the problem more flexible at that time.
Review and refine
The goal is to further squeeze the value out of all the actions we take in order to make our past better serve our future.
explore possibilities
Turning the pursuit of energy saving and stability into the pursuit of courage and possibility is not to be limited to a small world to gain a sense of security. The second is to be exposed to more network resources to realize more possibilities and open up the inexhaustible power of the experimental mentality cycle. source.
Four thinking models to see through the essence of things
What is a mental model?
A model is to find the commonalities behind a series of elements, summarize them, and condense them into a simple, reusable and transferable structure. Then adapt and apply this structure to different scenarios to improve the efficiency of our actions.
individual-whole model
Never think about problems and things in isolation, but keep asking yourself: What is its background and scene? Why does it appear and what it will bring and what it will lead to? It is to dig into the object of our research and connect it with the systems we know to look at the problem as a whole. We also need to cross fields and practice different knowledge points so that we can better understand and digest them.
input-output model
Transform certain inadequate, disordered states (inputs) into better, ordered states. (output) Whether a system or structure is efficient and valuable depends on whether it can better convert the former into the latter.
supply-demand model
For example, as a department leader, if you want to implement a new policy, you have to think about: ①Who are the people in the department? ②What does everyone get in the chive department? ③What is each person willing to pay in order to obtain these things? ④What is everyone’s thinking pattern like? What habits will you have? What will be the impact? What restrictions exist?
Dynamic-resistance model
The fundamental reason why "persistence" makes it easy to give up is that these habits come from the outside, rather than the inner desire to do them, thus lacking the most fundamental "motivation". Suggestion: Don’t force yourself to stick to a certain habit, but discover: What will be the harm if I don’t do it? What will be the benefit if I do this? What simple steps can I take to reach my goals one step at a time? Let your brain accept this reason and slowly move closer to the goal you set.
Group bias: Beware of this thinking trap
Why we tend to get stuck in our positions
Everyone puts their stance first, and what we call rationality is just a tool for self-maintenance and self-persuasion of our stance. An interesting theory: Many times, we do not rely on rational thinking to arrive at a better result, but use reason as a tool to defend results that we have already produced and to maintain our position. The most difficult thing to think about is self-subversion, which means that you have to deny a part of yourself.
Holistic bias: the root cause of all disputes
Social psychologist Henry. Tafel and John. Turner and others have proposed a classic "social identity theory". They believe that in order to survive and develop better, individuals will tend to rely on groups and gain protection from the group. It’s hardwired to divide people into “us” and “them.” Three steps: ①Social classification. We divide all kinds of people into different categories, and then label ourselves and put ourselves into one of these categories. ②Social recognition. We will summarize the behavior pattern of the group we belong to, and require ourselves to act according to this pattern in order to gain recognition from this circle and group. ③Social comparison. In order to ensure a sense of superiority, we will compare the group we belong to with other groups and try to find where "we" are better than "them".
Group Polarization: How We Go to Extremes
In order to avoid going to extremes, we should read more, actively explore more, and think more deeply. Don’t be satisfied with superficial content and exaggerated advice that are pushed to us to stir up emotions. Think more about the multi-faceted nature of things instead of being satisfied with labeling things. Secondly, Look at problems in a black-and-white way.
Turn thinking into fun
Unexamined life is boring
Only when you selectively and proactively criticize, examine, and process information can our subjectivity as human beings be reflected. Through the growth of the subject, we can better interact with the world and intervene and influence it. Other subjects in the world, this is something more interesting and valuable than simple happiness.
Five Patterns to Avoid
① Squirrel mode: only input, lack of processing and output; ② Frog mode: only processing and output, lack of input; ③Goldfish model: only processing and input, lack of output; ④Donkey mode: only output, lack of input and processing; ⑤Parrot mode: only input and output, lack of processing.
A toolbox for productive thinking
Retelling: What information did I gain?
What information did I get? (Reciting the information obtained is an effective method)
Refining: Among these, what is the most important?
What is the most important thing among these things? (The best technique for refining information is to practice more)
Integration: How do I get a bird's eye view of it from a higher place?
How can I get a bird's eye view of it from a higher place? (summarize the similarities and differences)
Analysis: What might be the cause of it?
What could be the cause of it?
Critique: What can I choose to believe?
What can I choose to believe?
Substitution: If it were me, what would I do?
If it were me, what would I do?
Connection: What can it be connected to?
What can it be associated with? (For example, what phenomena in life can it explain)
Not to me. What is most important?
What is more important to me? (Knowing how to give up is a kind of courage and ability)
Review: How could I have done better?
How else can I do better?
Creation: What can I offer others?
What can I offer others?
(Building a knowledge system to help others: writing, sharing ideas, experiences and methods to guide others, consulting and guidance, etc.)
Actively create: how to find the foundation of your life
Not to manage time, but to manage life
The purpose of time management is not to do more things, but to be able to do fewer things, reduce your consumption on various daily affairs, try not to do unnecessary things, so as to spare more time to accompany us Our family, pursue our dreams, enjoy the beauty of life, experience different scenery, and do what we really want to do.
Meaning and Interest: How to Find Things You Like
What is the meaning of life?
Existential anxiety can be summed up in one sentence: What are you living for? We spend several hours every day studying and writing books. A large amount of knowledge may be useless and cannot be converted into productivity, nor can we get benefits and rewards from it, but what is the meaning of doing so? Answer: The very act of seeking knowledge is a very interesting thing. Schopenhauer's "pendulum" state: Life is about swinging back and forth between two tragedies, one is the pain in the process of chasing desire, and the other is the emptiness and boredom after achieving desire.
Take action and don't think too much
People who are not interested in anything fall into a vicious circle: What I am doing now is something I don’t like, so I have no passion for life, because I have no passion for life, so I feel unhappy; because I feel unhappy, So I spend my free time on entertainment and recreation to soothe my soul; because my free time is spent on killing and killing, I don’t have time to try new things, so I can only do things I don’t like. , no passion for life. Interest is not found, but slowly acquired and generated during the process of contact and in-depth contact. The essence of interest is a kind of happiness, which comes from being able to use your talents in the process of doing something. Overcoming difficulties - achieving success, the accumulation of this joy and satisfaction forms interest.
Consumption and Creation: Achieving Higher Levels of Happiness
Be wary of rising happiness thresholds
Happiness is divided into two categories: one is creative happiness and the other is consumptive happiness. Various entertainment products are consuming happiness. As the threshold increases, when something cannot bring you freshness, it will not make you happy. The increase in the threshold will make it difficult for you to adapt to creative happiness, which requires the brain to expend more energy to obtain creative happiness. Why not let children watch mobile phone and computer products, just to prevent such nipple-related products from raising their happiness threshold? High, becoming uninterested in other things and unable to cheer up.
Avoid falling into the consumerism trap
There is no need to work hard to enrich yourself and show yourself. You can become a certain person and gain a sense of identity by simply having a certain label. For example, buying a brand-name bag and being classified as a person of status. Buying a brand is a ticket that allows you to pay the corresponding price and have the qualifications to distinguish yourself from "others". Once you consume something, just to let others see it, to let others know that you have become a certain type of person, just to give yourself a ticket, this is a consumerism trap. Judgment criteria: If no one in the world knew you had it except yourself, would you still want it? If the answer is no, you have fallen into a trap.
three levels of happiness
From a mental health perspective, there are indeed levels of happiness. The lowest form of happiness is to give you pleasure and pleasure in a short period of time, making you feel "good", nothing more; A higher level of happiness gives you long-term and stable satisfaction and a sense of belonging. The highest level of happiness is to give you a sense of meaning, accomplishment and self-efficacy; For a hobby, if you use it, experience it, and enjoy it, this is the first level; if you go deep into it and learn about it, this is the second level; you can upgrade it to a more professional level and help more people get in touch with it. , understand it, this is the third level;
Creator's Perspective
Try to look at the problem from the designer's perspective. If you have something you like, try not to just consume it, but participate in the creation. If you like food, try to cook it, purchase ingredients, cook it, communicate and design innovation, if you like traveling, Try sharing your new strategies to help others save time and spread your own happiness.
Three questions to help you plan your day
How much “whole time” can I spare?
In each day, first subtract the "locked time" for which fixed items, and then "break it into parts" as much as possible for the remaining time, arrange trivial things into the same time period, and free up as much as possible Uninterrupted "whole time". Cherish you and use "whole time" as a resource that can bring out your value.
What “time black holes” can I avoid?
Try to shorten the processing time of daily trivial matters as much as possible. If it cannot be shortened, try to convert them into our energy storehouse. An effective way is to turn these trivial matters into "rituals" in daily life and let them become your own rest and healing. opportunities; fix trivial matters into fixed times, definite steps, and fixed scenes, such as eating at the same time, doing housework, washing, writing diaries, sleeping, etc.; the same repeated behavior can bring a kind of wonderful power, Increase our sense of control, reduce our anxiety, and increase our mental focus. It provides a sense of self-disciplined satisfaction that increases our motivation to do other things.
Am I going in the direction I want?
1. Make a list of results for “why”; 2. Focus on “how to do it” and conduct KPT review method; K (keep, keep): In this project, what have been done well and need to be maintained; P (Problem, problem): What problems occur during project execution? T (Try, try): Regarding the problem in P, what are you considering trying next time? In this way, you can continue to transform past experience into wealth, use it to deal with future challenges, and optimize your own working methods.
Five skills to make you more efficient
Efficiency is not about multitasking, but about knowing how to prioritize
When we switch from task A to task B, if A has not been completed, then part of it will remain in our mind, called "attention residue", occupying our cognitive resources so that we can process task B. Resources decrease. Focus on one thing at a time.
Focus is not about long hours of work, but about small, frequent sprints
Instead of pursuing long-term concentration, it is better to cultivate your ability to enter flow at any time, divide your work into multiple stages, and "sprint" in small amounts and many times.
The state is not something you wait for, but comes from training.
If you can keep your desk tidy from beginning to end, then keep it, but if your desk is always this messy, there is no need to tidy it up. Keeping it in its natural state is best.
Rhythm should not be the same as everyone else's, but should be combined with one's own reality
Keep practicing to find your own "peak time" and correspondingly you can find your own "trough time" and "normal" time, and arrange activities according to your energy value. Daily affairs, communication, collaboration, and information reply are arranged in "normal time", and the most important work is arranged in "peak time".
Instead of putting tasks all together, split them into three lists.
Action List, Question List, Dessert List Dessert list: These are some simple, no-brainer, no-time-limited things. When you are in a bad state, do it immediately to restore your health.
How to rest effectively
Alternate breaks to allow yourself to go further
Work alternately, small amounts and multiple times, and keep sprinting
Take a brain break and switch to different modes
Create three task lists to work on in parallel
Mental space to allow yourself to continue to grow
Relax by doing things you like, such as handicrafts, painting, etc., and cultivate hobbies
Set boundaries and don’t give the initiative to others
Two points for setting boundaries: 1. Make it clear what you should do, what you can choose not to do, what is very important and priority, and what you can slow down and leave to others. . Always remember two things: 1. Things can never be done. It’s not about getting things done, but about pursuing balance, comfort and sustainability in the process of doing things. 2. Set zeros to make whole. For example, replying to messages, shopping, and doing housework can be arranged to be completed at a trough time to avoid falling into a time black hole.
Have a good routine and rest to keep your body healthy
Maintain good sleep, keep exercising, and maintain a balanced and diverse diet