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management communication
This is a mind map about management communication, including classical organizational theory, interpersonal theory, human resources theory, etc. Hope this helps!
Edited at 2023-11-13 23:14:05
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management communication
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- Outline
Related theories of management communication
classical organizational theory
Industrial Revolution and Hierarchy
Family-style production is mainly to meet one's own life needs, and the relationship between people is mainly kinship.
With the expansion of factory scale and the routinization of production, the emergence of division of labor and the birth of hierarchy have led to role differences between employers and employees, superiors and subordinates.
In an organizational model based on a strict division of labor and hierarchy, communication is limited to top-down information transmission, and the interpersonal communication model is passive and one-way.
scientific management theory
Based on the study of time and action, work tasks are subdivided into a series of standard actions, and the labor time of each action is determined based on the time required for a skilled worker to complete the standard action, and this is used to stipulate output standards, evaluate work performance, and training Worker.
Control-oriented and production-centered.
bureaucracy
It eliminates the influence of individual factors in individual feelings, emotions and social relationships in the organization, and operates strictly in accordance with laws and regulations, so it is dehumanized and highly rational.
Emphasis on absolute obedience to power and rules, while ignoring individual emotional factors.
interpersonal theory
Historical and cultural background
Trade unions were established to fight for the personal rights of workers, demand improved working conditions and encourage capitalists to pay attention to interpersonal relationships and reconcile conflicts between labor and capital.
The Hawthorne Experiment and Mayo's Views
Improving interpersonal relationships within the organization and meeting the needs of workers as "social beings" can significantly increase productivity.
Barnard's perspective
The main role of management is communication and persuasion. Effective managers communicate with workers through encouraging methods to align their personal goals with those of the organization.
Research initiated by the theory of human relations
leadership style research
The relationship between management (leadership) and productivity
Leader Characteristics Study at The Ohio State University
Focus on organization
care about subordinates
University of Michigan research
Herzberg's two-factor theory
health factors
Corporate policies, management actions, working conditions, interpersonal relationships, status, safety and living conditions.
Motivating factors
A sense of work accomplishment, recognition of work achievements, challenging work, work with greater responsibility, and work that is conducive to career development.
People have two relatively independent needs
Federer's contingency theory
When a group has a particularly favorable or unfavorable impression of a leader, the task-oriented style is adopted.
If the group's attitudes are neutral then an interpersonally oriented style is adopted.
Simon's decision model
It is impossible to obtain a "completely reasonable" or "optimal" solution, only a "good enough" or "satisfactory" solution.
Management is the organization's influence on the decisions of each of its members through effective communication, thereby guiding them to make decisions.
Organizations should set up systems to deliver the information required for decision-making to ensure the rationality of individual decisions.
institutional school
Pay attention to organizational system theory
human resource theory
The concept of human resources regards employees as resources of the organization and emphasizes the importance of employees participating in decision-making and management.
Argyris' immaturity-maturity theory
A management model based on unified standards will only turn good employees into idiots, and a bureaucratic model will only dampen the enthusiasm of employees.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Physiology - safety - belonging - respect - self-actualization
McGregor’s X-Y Theory
Theory
Bureaucratic management style
Theory Y believes that employees have strong self-management, self-control and innovation capabilities, and regards employees as valuable human resources.
facilitative management style
Likert's employee involvement theory
Utilize—Imperative
Mild-Imperative
deliberative
participatory
Open communication increases productivity
management communication
Definition of management communication
Management communication refers to the knowledge, information transfer and exchange activities within and outside the organization to achieve organizational goals.
Interpersonal communication in organizations is the basis of managerial communication.
The relationship between management and communication
Management functions and communication
plan
The process of setting goals and determining the best path from a starting point to a desired destination.
Management communication basically includes collecting information, opinions and ideas from subordinates before the plan is formulated, and communicating and assigning tasks to employees after the plan is formulated.
clarify goals Sharing plan Implementation Plan
organize
Allocate resources to achieve goals and establish a formal position structure or job structure with clear responsibilities.
The process of organizing work is the process of comprehensively mobilizing and making full use of human resources.
Issue an order Allocate workload Arrange positions
lead
Managers exert influence on employees through their own actions and make them work hard to achieve organizational goals.
Modern people are more willing to follow leaders who can meet everyone's needs and realize common aspirations.
delegate authority training excitation
control
Activities that evaluate and correct employee behavior and enable planned completion.
According to the plan setting specifications, performance evaluations are carried out regularly, and deviations are discovered, corrected and eliminated in a timely manner to ensure the direction and quality of actions.
Grade Control production progress Write progress report
The plan proposes the goals pursued by managers; the organization provides the institutional setup, staffing, and individual responsibilities to accomplish these goals; the leader provides an atmosphere to motivate employees, including employees' self-motivation and interactive incentives; and controls the progress of achieving goals. Careful assessment and corrective intervention.
Management roles and communication
figurehead
Attend legal and social events or ceremonies.
Show the company's confidence and strength through body language such as smiling and nodding, as well as a sonorous and powerful voice and concise and concise expressions.
leader
Mainly responsible for leading and motivating subordinates to work towards achieving organizational goals.
Motivate and inspire employees through verbal and body language, because face-to-face verbal communication coupled with corresponding body language can convey the manager's intentions faster, more directly and effectively.
liaison officer
Set up different functional departments to meet the needs of division of labor within the enterprise, organize and coordinate the work of various departments.
Distribute and coordinate the work of various departments by holding cross-department meetings, and coordinate communication activities between the enterprise and the external environment through negotiations with external liaisons.
interpersonal role
listener
Obtain a variety of specific, real-time information in order to have a more thorough understanding of the current business and management status within the organization as well as the external environment.
communicator
Pass information to relevant personnel that is relevant to the employee's job or that will help the employee do his or her job better.
spokesman
Release information about the organization's plans, policies, actions, results and other information to the outside world through the board of directors, press conferences, etc.
information dissemination role
entrepreneur
Actively explore opportunities for organizational development, formulate strategies and sustainable development plans, supervise the implementation process of decisions, and continuously develop new projects.
Act as an initiator and architect of corporate change.
crisis manager
When an organization faces a major crisis, it is responsible for carrying out crisis public relations, taking remedial measures, and establishing a corresponding early warning system to nip problems in the bud and eliminate the possibility of chaos.
resource allocator
Responsible for allocating various resources of the organization.
Responsible for organizational decision-making and organizational implementation.
negotiator
Participate in negotiations as a representative of the organization.
decision making role
Manager Types and Communication
double blind
Neither exposure nor feedback, arbitrary and arbitrary
Passive
Relying solely on feedback, lacking self-disclosure
mandatory
Blindly replace feedback with self-exposure, believe that self is supreme and others are worthless, force indoctrination
Balanced
Use exposure and feedback appropriately to achieve the best communication state
The role of management communication
Organizations not only need to gather internal strength, but also need to obtain external strength to achieve organizational goals.
Lubricant
Management communication can help employees learn to respect each other and themselves, not only understand their own needs and wishes, but also understand each other through empathy, build trust, and harmonize working relationships.
adhesive
Realize your ideals in the company's development blueprint, or promote the development of the organization while building your own life path.
catalyst
Stimulate the morale of employees and guide them to realize their potential and display their talents.
Main factors affecting management communication
internal environment of organization
organizational structure
line functional organization
matrix organization
team organization
boundaryless organization
group Culture
A system of shared ideas, beliefs, values, and habits within an organization that interacts with the formal organizational structure to form behavioral norms, which are the standards of behavior used to solve problems and accomplish organizational goals.
organizational communication climate
closed communication atmosphere
open communication atmosphere
Organization's external environment
Complexity
variability
Manager's management style
imperative
Time is tight and an extremely complex job must be completed on time, and the subordinates are inexperienced and lack initiative.
Directive
Superiors have great power, but they attach great importance to collecting, analyzing and integrating the opinions or suggestions of subordinates, and make prudent decisions on this basis.
Supportive
Subordinates share responsibilities with their superiors, and subordinates regard their superiors as coaches. Superiors basically take it as their own responsibility to cultivate subordinates' problem-solving abilities, listen actively, provide timely assistance, and share the joy of success.
authorized
Employees with a certain level of maturity should be allowed to take on heavy responsibilities, train other employees, discuss the company's vision together, participate in upper-level decision-making, and share success with other colleagues.
Strategies for Effectively Managing Communication
Rebuilding organizational structure
Create a new organizational culture atmosphere
Create an open, learning, cooperative and mutual-help cultural atmosphere, and meet employees' needs for respect and self-realization.
A sound, complete and efficient communication network
Improve managers’ own management communication skills
empathize
Far-sighted instructions
adapt to changing circumstances
self-transcendence
Shift from "doing things seriously" to "doing the right things"
Introduction to Communication
communication definition
Communication is the process by which people transmit and understand information or knowledge through verbal and non-verbal means. It is a two-way interactive process in which people understand other people's thoughts, emotions, opinions and values.
Communication covers five aspects: what you want to say, what you actually say, what you hear, what you understand and what you give feedback.
basic model of communication
Information source-encoding-channel-receiver-decoding-feedback
Feedback can reflect the effectiveness of communication and allow the sender to know whether the message has been received and understood correctly.
elements of communication
message sender
Important factors that affect the sender's credibility include status, good intentions, professional knowledge, appearance and shared values.
In the initial stage of communication, you should focus on reaching a consensus with the audience and linking the information with common interests and values. This will greatly enhance the audience's trust in you, improve your credibility, and thus lay the foundation for effective communication.
audience
Know who your audience really is?
Know your audience’s background material
Is your message interesting to your audience? How interested are you?
Soliciting opinions and inducing them to participate in discussions and emphasizing content in the information that may benefit the audience can stimulate the audience's interest and increase their attention and enthusiasm.
Purpose
Make the purpose of conveying information clear
Clarify work goals and corresponding measures
information
Strategically organizing information modules is crucial to make information flow smoothly to the audience and make it easy to absorb.
In the opening stage, a straight-to-the-point, straight-to-the-point approach is adopted, which is suitable for communication with audiences who are more concerned with the conclusion and have no emotional talk.
The method of step-by-step analysis, item-by-item analysis, and final conclusion is suitable for those listeners who pay more attention to process analysis or have a repulsive mentality. It is conducive to alleviating the resistance of those with repulsive psychology and achieving the purpose of stimulating their interest and changing their attitudes.
Organize information content, focusing on the beginning and end
channel
There are three main channels of communication: verbal, written, and nonverbal.
environment
Communication environment includes psychological background, physical background, social background and cultural background.
feedback
The sender should understand how the recipient receives and understands the message.
Communication only really happens when the receiver perceives, understands and responds to it.
way of communication
The choice of communication method depends on the degree of control the message sender has over the content and the degree of audience participation.
communication method
inform
sell
You want your audience to accept your message and listen primarily to your narration or explanation rather than to anyone else's opinions.
consult
participate
You want to understand and obtain information from your audience, you want to hear their opinions during the communication process, and you expect them to participate and provide relevant information.
barriers in communication
Barriers from the sender of the message
Unknown purpose
What information should I convey to whom through what channels and to what purpose?
Not thinking clearly
Wrong choice
Unable to grasp the timing and lack of assessment of the situation
Wrong selection of information communication channels
Wrong choice of information communication target
Improper form
barriers on the part of the recipient of the information
over processing
The receiver filters and processes the information according to his or her own subjective wishes
perceptual bias
They are accustomed to using themselves as the criterion, and either turn a blind eye to information that is not beneficial to themselves, or turn a blind eye to it, or even confuse right and wrong for the purpose of defense.
psychological disorder
Doubtful, wary, fearful, and uneasy
Strategies for effective communication
Use appropriate communication cadences
Consider the recipient's perspective and position
Empathy, empathy, empathy
Make full use of feedback mechanisms
The information transmitter can obtain feedback from the information receiver by asking questions, listening, observing, feeling, etc.
Strengthen language with actions
Be consistent with your words and deeds, say what you can do and do what you can say
Avoid preaching