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MindMap Gallery The membranes, blood vessels, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation of the brain and spinal cord

The membranes, blood vessels, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation of the brain and spinal cord

This is a medical mind map, including the brain, brain and spinal cord membranes, blood vessels, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Share it with everyone, hope it will be helpful to you!

Edited at 2023-11-13 16:08:47

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The membranes, blood vessels, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation of the brain and spinal cord

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The membranes of the brain and spinal cord, Blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid circulation

1. The membrane of the brain and spinal cord

Layer 3: Inside → Outside

Dural mater: thick and hard

dura mater

Arachnoid membrane: thin and transparent

Spinal arachnoid

brain arachnoid mater

Pia mater: rich in nerves and blood vessels

Pia mater

Leptomeninges

(1) Dural mater

1. Dural mater

Upward: Attached to the edge of the foramen magnum Downward: Tapers at S2 and attaches downward to the coccyx Both sides: continuous with the spinal epineurium at the intervertebral foramen

epidural space: the narrow space between the dura mater and the periosteum of the spinal canal

Content: lymphatic vessels, intravertebral venous plexus, loose connective tissue, fat

Epidural anesthesia

2. Dura mater

Fusion with the periosteum on the inner surface of the skull as one layer: (potential epidural space) Loose connection with the skull: easy to separate Fracture: epidural hematoma Tightly integrated with skull base bones: Fracture: Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid

structure formed by dura mater

(1) Partition

①Falx cerebri: sickle-shaped, located in the interhemispheric fissure

②Torrent cerebelli: half-moon shape, located within the transverse cerebral fissure

Tentorial notch: When intracranial pressure increases, the parahippocampus and uncus can be displaced downward and embedded in the tentorial notch, forming a herniation of the tentorial notch, compressing the oculomotor nerve root and cerebral peduncle, resulting in ipsilateral pupil dilation. , symptoms such as paralysis of the extraocular muscles innervated by the ipsilateral oculomotor nerve and paralysis of the contralateral limbs

(2)Dural sinuses

Superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, cavernous sinus, superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus

cavernous sinus

Location: Both sides of sella turcica

Structures passing through the cavernous sinus: internal carotid artery, abducens nerve

Structures passing through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus: oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve

(2) Arachnoid membrane

grooves and fissures across the surface of the spinal cord and brain

Subarachnoid space (the space between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater, filled with cerebrospinal fluid)

Brain: Subarachnoid cistern

Spinal cord: cisterna terminalis

Lumbar puncture: space between the spinous processes of the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae

Arachnoid granules: The brain arachnoid membrane forms many granular protrusions near the superior sagittal sinus. The cerebrospinal fluid penetrates into the dural sinuses through the arachnoid granules and drains into the veins.

(3) Soft film

Deep into the grooves and fissures on the surface of the brain and spinal cord

1. Pia mater

2.Leptomeninges

In each ventricle: pia mater + blood vessels + ependyma → choroidal tissue Choroid plexus: produces cerebrospinal fluid

2. Blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord

(1) Arteries of the brain (from vertebral artery and internal carotid artery)

1. Vertebral-basilar artery

Subclavian artery → Vertebral artery → Transverse foramen C6-1 → Foramen magnum enters the skull → Left and right vertebral arteries (at the lower edge of the pons) → Combined into base A → Basal sulcus → Posterior cerebral artery (at the upper edge of the pons) )

Vertebral arteries: posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Basilar arteries: superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, pontine artery, posterior cerebral artery

2. Internal carotid artery system

Common carotid A → internal carotid A → carotid artery canal enters the skull → penetrates the cavernous sinus → emerges from the ophthalmic artery and then branches to the brain

3. Cerebral arterial circle (Willis)

Composition: It is anastomosed by the anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery, and posterior cerebral artery at the base of the brain surrounding the optic chiasm, gray tubercle, and mammillary body.

Significance: It allows the internal carotid artery system and the vertebral-basilar arteries on both sides to communicate with each other, thus regulating blood flow.

arterial supply of telencephalon

(1) Anterior cerebral artery: the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere before the parieto-occipital sulcus and the upper part of the superior lateral surface of the frontal and parietal lobes

(2) Posterior cerebral artery: most of the parietal and temporal lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

(3) Middle cerebral artery: most of the upper and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere and the insula

The branches of each cerebral artery

1. Cortical branch: cortex, superficial medulla

2. Central branch: deep medulla, basal nucleus, internal capsule

eg: Precentral gyrus blood supply: cortical branch of middle cerebral artery; Internal capsule blood supply: central branch of the middle cerebral artery Central branch of A in the brain—bleeding (“triple hemisphere” syndrome)

Vertebro-basilar artery system and internal carotid artery system:

(2) Veins of the brain

1. Superficial veins ← cortical and subcortical medullary venous blood ↓ Each dura mater is

2. Deep veins ← deep brain medulla, basal ganglia, diencephalon, ventricular choroid plexus ↓ great cerebral vein ↓ straight sinus

(3) Arteries of the spinal cord

2 longitudinal lines: anterior and posterior spinal arteries

The transverse strengthening arteries come from: ascending carotid artery, posterior intercostal artery, lumbar artery

spinal cord veins

Spinal veins → anterior and posterior spinal veins → anterior and posterior root veins → intravertebral venous plexus

Cerebrospinal fluid and its circulation

Colorless fluid that fills the ventricular system, subarachnoid system, and central canal of the spinal cord

Total volume: 150ml

Function: Buffers, protects, transports metabolic wastes and regulates intracranial pressure on the central nervous system

Cerebrospinal fluid production and circulation pathways

Produced by: lateral ventricle, third ventricle and fourth ventricle.

circulatory pathway