The learner activates and maintains the psychological state of learning in the learning situation → is highly alert

(1) Difference

(2) Focus

(3) Guidance

(4) Attract

Strategies to increase the meaning of new information by linking it to existing knowledge The more a piece of information is connected to other information, the more clues can be extracted

(1) Simple fine processing strategy (memory)

(2) Complex fine processing technology (Flexible processing of information)

The process of repeating information in working memory in order to retain it

(1) Use memory rules

(2) Reasonable review

(3)Automation

(4) Personal participation

(5) Situational similarity and emotional and physiological state similarity

(6) Psychological tendencies, attitudes and interests

Strategies to integrate new knowledge and the internal connections between old and new knowledge to form a new knowledge structure

Hierarchical units into appropriate categories so that each piece of information is linked to other information

(1) Make an outline

(2) Make illustrations

(3) Make a form

Awareness of cognition is an individual’s knowledge of his or her own cognitive process and the ability to regulate the knowledge process. It is the recognition and control of thinking and learning activities.

(1) Metacognitive knowledge

(2) Metacognitive experience

(3) Metacognitive control

(1) Improve the efficiency and effectiveness of cognitive activities

(2) Promote the development of individual intelligence

(3) Help individuals develop their subjectivity

Strategies for controlling information processing processes

(1) Planning strategy

(2) Supervision strategy

(3) Adjustment strategy

(1) Teach students metacognitive knowledge

(2) Enrich students’ metacognitive experience

(3) Guide students to regulate and monitor their own learning process

(4) Provide students with frequent feedback opportunities

(1) Executive help

(2) Instrumental help

(1) Attitude of academic seekers

(2) Learner’s attribution

(3) The influence of past acquired experience

(4) It is difficult to identify the conditions for using this strategy

(1) Determine whether you need help

(2) Decide whether you need help

(3) Consider how to ask for help

(4) Get help

(5) Evaluation reaction

(1) Teach students to correctly view academic help-seeking

(2) Develop students’ academic help-seeking abilities

(3) Require students to use instrumental help

(4) Create a good social learning environment

(5) Emphasis on metacognitive strategies