Inflammation, edema, tumors or foreign bodies of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi causing stenosis or obstruction and bronchial asthma

Pneumonia, lung abscess, tuberculosis, atelectasis, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema

Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, extensive pleural adhesions, tuberculosis

Poliomyelitis lesions affect the cervical spinal cord, myasthenia gravis affects respiratory muscles, and drugs cause respiratory muscle paralysis, etc.

Diaphragmatic paralysis, massive peritoneal effusion, giant abdominal tumor, gastric dilation and late pregnancy

Caused by airway obstruction, in severe cases, three concavities can be seen when inhaling, that is, the suprasternal fossa, supraclavicular fossa, and intercostal space are obviously depressed. It is mainly caused by the extreme exertion of the respiratory muscles and the increase of negative pressure in the chest. This may also be accompanied by dry cough and high-pitched inspiratory laryngitis.

Commonly seen in stenosis and obstruction of the larynx, trachea, and large bronchi

It manifests as effortful expiration, slow expiration, significantly prolonged breathing time, and is often accompanied by wheezing during expiration

Mainly caused by weakened alveolar elasticity and spasm or inflammation of small bronchi

Common in chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma

Symptoms include labored breathing during both the inspiratory and expiratory phases, increased respiratory frequency, shallower depth, and abnormal breath sounds

It is mainly caused by lung or chest lesions that reduce the breathing area, leading to ventilation dysfunction

Common in severe pneumonia, severe pulmonary tuberculosis, massive pulmonary embolism, large pleural effusion and pneumothorax

Features

mechanism

Performance

It is lighter than the dyspnea caused by left heart failure and is mainly caused by blood stasis in the systemic circulation

Clinically seen in chronic pulmonary heart disease, some congenital heart diseases or left heart failure.

mechanism

The acidic metabolites in the blood increase, stimulating the carotid sinus and aorta body chemoreceptors or directly stimulating the respiratory center, causing dyspnea

Features

When poisoned by central depressant drugs such as morphine and barbiturates and organophosphate drugs, they inhibit the respiratory center and cause dyspnea

Features

Commonly seen in carbon monoxide poisoning and cyanide poisoning, which starve the body of oxygen and cause difficulty breathing

Mechanism

Because the respiratory center is stimulated by increased intracranial pressure and reduced blood supply, breathing becomes slow and deep, often accompanied by changes in respiratory rhythm, such as double inhalation (sobbing-like breathing), respiratory arrest (sudden cessation of breathing). Commonly seen in severe craniocerebral diseases, cerebral hemorrhage, brain abscess, brain tumors, etc.

It manifests as fast and shallow breathing, accompanied by sighing breathing or tetany of the hands and feet. Clinically, it is common in anxiety disorder and hysteria. Patients may have sudden difficulty breathing