There are six types: L, N, T, P, Q, and R. Among them, L type is the main pathway for external calcium influx during cell excitement.

The structure of calcium channels is complex, among which the α1 subunit is the main functional unit of calcium channels.

Dihydropyridines

Phenylalkanes

Benzothiazepines

flunarizine, prenilamine

negative muscle strength

negative frequency negative conduction

vascular smooth muscle

Other smooth muscles

On red blood cells: Reduces damage to red blood cells caused by calcium overload

Inhibit platelet activation

Dilate renal blood vessels, excrete natriuresis and diuresis

Among the dihydropyridines: nifedipine and amlodipine have strong vasodilatory effects and are used to treat severe hypertension. Long-acting preparations and sustained-release tablets are generally used to avoid large fluctuations in blood pressure and protect target organs.

Verapamil and diltiazem in the treatment of moderate and low hypertension

For variant angina pectoris caused by coronary artery spasm, nifedipine should be used in combination with beta-blockers.

Verapamil and diltiazem for unstable angina

For supraventricular tachycardia, verapamil (reduces automaticity, slows conduction, prolongs refractory period) is the drug of choice, and diltiazem can also be used

Verapamil and diltiazem can be treated intravenously and taken orally for prevention.

Nifedipine may cause a reflex increase in heart rate and is not used for cardiac arrhythmias

Nimodipine 🤩 Flunarizine relaxes cerebral blood vessels and treats transient ischemic attacks

For the treatment of peripheral vasospastic disorder: Raynaud's disease

It is common in the ankles, but can also occur in the hands. Edema is caused by the dilation of small blood vessels rather than water and sodium retention.

Tolerable, gradually disappears during medication

Found in dihydropyridines, reduced by combination with beta receptors

Verapamil and diltiazem have an inhibitory effect on the heart, and their combined use with beta-blockers is prohibited.