renal corpuscle

renal tubules

Excretory function

endocrine function

Originates from renal pelvis

stop in bladder

The beginning of the ureter (the transition between the renal pelvis and the ureter)

Across the iliac vessels

within the bladder wall

nephritic edema

nephrotic edema

the difference

Too much body fluid

Risk of compromised skin integrity

Rest and activities

Diet care

Condition observation

Medication care

skin care

health guidance

Bladder neck and bladder trigone caused by inflammation and mechanical stimulation Frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, incomplete urination and lower abdominal pain

Abnormal urination

anxiety

Hyperthermia

Rest and activities

Hyperthermia care

skin care

pain care

psychological care

avoid triggers

Medication care

definition

Classification

proteinuria

hematuria

Cast urine

Leukocyturia, pyuria, bacteriuria

According to the pathogenesis

According to the cause

Upper urinary tract infection mainly pyelonephritis

Lower urinary tract infections as cystitis and urethritis

The most common pathogenic bacteria are Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria)

ascending infection

bloodstream infection

Routine urine examination

Urine bacteriological examination (diagnostic)

rest and sleep

Diet care

Proper collection of clean midstream urine culture specimens

prerenal

renal

Postrenal

tubular factors

Vascular factors

Involvement of inflammatory factors

systemic symptoms

Disturbances in water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Clinical classification

Pathological classification

acute nephritis

It is a group of patients with acute onset, with hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension as the main manifestations. And there may be transient oliguria and azotemia.

It is more common in the immune response caused by acute streptococcal infection. Also known as "poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis"

Features

Abnormal urine

Edema

hypertension

Abnormal kidney function

Complications: congestive heart failure

Urine test

Immunological examination

glomerular filtration function test

B-ultrasound

kidney biopsy

General treatment

Symptomatic treatment

Control focus of infection

dialysis treatment

Too much body fluid

Risk of compromised skin integrity

Potential complications: left heart failure, acute renal failure

Rest and activities

Diet care

Condition observation

Medication care

Life care (skin)

psychological care

health education

rapidly progressive nephritis

The disease progresses rapidly and is clinically characterized by oliguria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension, A group of diseases whose main manifestation is progressive deterioration of renal function in a short period of time

crescentic nephritis

Mainly type II

The onset is acute, and the clinical manifestations are similar to acute nephritis, but oliguria or anuria appears rapidly, and renal function deteriorates sharply in a short period of time (progressing to uremia within a few weeks to half a year), often accompanied by moderate anemia and nephrotic syndrome.

Urine test

blood test

Kidney function test

Immunological examination

B-ultrasound examination

Acute onset, rapid disease progression

Mainly proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension. And rapid onset of oliguria, anuria, and rapid deterioration of renal function

After renal biopsy, if the pathological type is crescent nephritis, the diagnosis can be confirmed by excluding secondary factors.

shock therapy

Intensive plasma exchange therapy

dialysis therapy

Allopathic treatment

Potential complications: acute kidney injury

Too much body fluid

Risk of infection

Risk of compromised skin integrity

Fear: related to the rapid progression of the disease and poor prognosis

chronic nephritis

Refers to a glomerular disease that has an insidious onset, protracted illness, slow progression of lesions, and eventually develops into chronic renal failure.

The main clinical manifestations are proteinuria, hematuria, edema, hypertension, and renal damage.

Clinical history of proteinuria, hematuria, edema, and hypertension for more than 3 months, This disease should be considered whether there is renal impairment or not

On the basis of excluding secondary nephritis and hereditary nephritis, chronic nephritis can be diagnosed

Prevent or delay progressive decline of kidney function

diet modification

Antihypertensive and protein-lowering treatments

Hormone and cytotoxic drugs

Various Factors to Avoid Kidney Damage

Too much body fluid

Risk of malnutrition

Potential complications: chronic renal failure

anxiety

It is a group of syndromes caused by various kidney diseases with the following common clinical manifestations:

Infect

Thrombus, embolism

AKI

Protein and fat metabolism disorders

General treatment

Diuretic, reducing swelling, lowering protein

Anticoagulation and lipid-lowering therapy

Glucocorticoids

immunosuppressive drugs

Cyclosporin A

The most common cause of death in patients with chronic renal failure

Deep breathing may occur with acidosis

It introduces the patient's blood into the extracorporeal circulation, and uses diffuse convection and adsorption to remove harmful substances and excess water in the blood through a semipermeable membrane, correct electrolyte disorders in the body, and maintain acid-base balance.

Indications

Contraindications

dialysis care

post dialysis care

Inject peritoneal dialysate into the patient's abdominal cavity, using the peritoneum as the dialysis membrane to allow water, electrolytes and metabolic wastes in the body to enter the abdominal cavity through osmosis, ultrafiltration and diffusion. Some substances in the dialysate enter the blood circulation through capillaries and replenish the body. Needed to achieve the purpose of removing metabolites and excess water from the body