The pre-filter is the first coarse filtration equipment for the whole house's water, filtering large particles such as sediment and rust in the tap water. The principle is very simple, it is to block these impurities from entering your own water pipes through the filter.

There are several different types of filters available, the common ones are laminated type, downflush type, backflush type, etc.

The price of domestic pre-filters is around 300-500 yuan, while most imported ones cost 1,000 yuan.

After the pre-filtered water enters the home, if you want to drink it directly, you also need to filter out the finer impurities in the water. At this time, you need to use the multi-layer filter of the water purifier.

Water purifier: The main filter material of the water purifier is ultrafiltration membrane, with a filtration accuracy of 0.01μm.

Pure water machine: The main filter material of the pure water machine is RO membrane, and the filtration precision is 0.0001μm, which is 0.1nm.

Both can be drank directly. The difference between the two machines is whether the water passes through the RO membrane.

A water purification machine has several types of filter elements:

Non-essential

Soft water is water that has been treated, has a low calcium and magnesium ion content, and is not prone to scale.

Water softeners do not need to replace the filter element, just add salt regularly, which saves money on the filter element. However, the price of the machine is more expensive than the water purifier, generally between 3,000-10,000 yuan.

The water softener is not small and takes up a lot of space, so be sure to reserve a reserved space. Generally, 1 ton/hour is enough for household use. The machine has requirements for water pressure, mostly between 1.4-3.5kg.

Finally, because soft water contains a large amount of sodium ions, it is corrosive to iron pipes and is not drinkable.

Water purifiers generally use a separate faucet, which can be installed on the reserved hole in the soap dispenser or drilled in the sink. The faucet also has single-opening and double-opening types.

After everything is connected, leave it for at least 20 minutes. Some water purifiers will have a water quality display, either on the machine or directly on the faucet. Blue means you can drink it directly, orange means you can't drink it directly, etc.

Water with a TDS that is too high will seriously damage the water pipeline. Over time, scale will form inside the pipeline, which will affect the water flow. Moreover, scale does not conduct heat and the heating effect will be greatly reduced. This is why the shower head feels like the water flow is getting heavier after being used for a long time. The smaller it is, the reason why the water temperature is not hot - there is scale inside the water pipe.

In addition, if the water is hard, the skin will be tight and airtight after bathing. The essence is that the calcium and magnesium ions in the water react with the soap base in bath products to form soap scum, which adheres to the skin, causing dry and sensitive skin;

In the same way, hair will feel astringent and not smooth enough after washing (it is said that washing hair with hard water is more likely to cause hair loss);

When washing clothes, you need to pour more washing powder to make it foam, and the washed clothes will be astringent;

Towels will become stiff after being used for a long time;

According to the national standard "Household and Similar Purpose Drinking Machine Treatment Devices GB/T30307-2013", the hardness of the water after filtering by the water softener should not be greater than 50mg/L.

The concept of national standard is "market access threshold", which is the most basic requirement. When we buy a water softener, it must at least meet the national standards.

1. Located in areas with high water hardness, especially in northwest and northern China.

2. Households equipped with smart toilets.

3. High requirements for quality of life.

Among them, silicon-phosphorus crystal is harmful to human body if its concentration is high, and it is mainly used in industry.

There are two main types of home water softeners: resin and nanocrystalline, but I recommend you choose resin.

Resin exchange uses potassium and sodium ions in the resin to replace calcium and magnesium ions in the water, allowing the calcium and magnesium ions to bind to the resin, thus reducing the hardness of the water.

The resin filter element is a consumable material. When the calcium and magnesium ions adsorbed by the resin reach saturation, the resin needs to be regenerated. The method is to add salt so that the water softener can be recycled.

Wastewater needs to be discharged during resin regeneration, so in addition to reserving upper and lower drains, remember to reserve drains in advance.

Nanocrystalline TAC technology is said to "require no electricity and produce no salt water." The most obvious difference is that it does not need to add salt, and it is more convenient to maintain. However, the filter element needs to be replaced about once every six months to one year.

This technology packs calcium and magnesium ions into nano-scale crystals invisible to the human eye. This crystal has stable physical properties and will no longer form scale.

Essentially, the calcium and magnesium in the water has not been reduced, but this "nano calcium and magnesium" will not turn into scale visible to the naked eye. This is more embarrassing, and it is equivalent to "only playing half the role."

On the one hand, it does protect the pipelines from scaling, but on the other hand, it does not improve the user experience. Should the skin be dry or dry, and the hair should be lost or hair loss... Moreover, the price of nanocrystal water softeners is more expensive, generally 1w. This money is enough for me to buy a resin water softener and RO water purifier. How fragrant it is!

Although the central water purifier can remove residual chlorine, rust, bacteria, etc. in the water, it cannot remove calcium and magnesium ions in the water and cannot provide more comfortable living water.

Human taste buds are affected by the chloride ions in sodium chloride. When the chloride content in the water is high, the water will have a salty taste. When the main cation is sodium ion, the water will have a salty taste when the chloride salt reaches 250mg/L. It is the potassium and sodium in the resin that exchange ions with hard water. Even if the sodium content increases, people will not feel the salty taste when the chloride ion content is low~

Soft water cannot be drunk directly, and it is not recommended to boil it before drinking.

Reasons why soft water cannot be drunk directly:

Reasons why soft water is not recommended for drinking after boiling:

Regular water softeners will have a health license approval document, and the model, place of origin, and the service life of the resin and components will be noted next to it.

Generally, the service life of water softeners under normal maintenance is about 10 years. Brands of water softeners with a price of more than 10,000 yuan and those with a price of less than 10,000 yuan are the same, and there is not much difference in lifespan.

In fact, the lifespan of a water softener worth over 10,000 yuan is not necessarily long, and the difference in filtration effect is not that big. The advantage is that the resin regeneration time is shorter without delaying use, and it saves more salt and water. To put it bluntly, it is a good user experience, and you can do it if you have enough budget. , if you have a budget, just buy a cost-effective model from a domestic brand.

The pre-filter is a coarse-filtering metal filter used to block large particles of impurities such as rust, sediment, and insect eggs. The principle is not complicated. It costs a few hundred yuan to buy, and it is recommended that everyone install it in their home.

Direct drinking machines are divided into ultrafiltration machines and RO machines. The former uses activated carbon and UF ultrafiltration membrane, while the latter has an extra layer of RO reverse osmosis membrane.

Exiting from the front, the troops divided into two groups, going into the bathroom to find the water softener and into the kitchen to find the drinking fountain.

Because it is not recommended to drink soft water, the water path for soft water should be completely avoided in the kitchen. For equipment like dishwashers in the kitchen, if you want to use soft water, just add dishwashing salt separately.

Split air conditioners are our common common air conditioners, either wall-mounted or cabinet-type. They are composed of an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. If each room is equipped with an air conditioner (internal unit), then many outdoor units may be hung on the exterior wall of the building, and the noise will be relatively loud.

Multi-split is what we call central air conditioning. One outdoor unit can be connected to multiple indoor units. One outdoor unit connected to two indoor units is called "one to two", three to three is called "one to three", and so on. . The structure of the multi-split unit is more complex than that of the split unit, and the cost is higher. For the same cooling capacity, the overall price of the multi-split unit is higher than that of the split unit.

Duct air conditioners are an air conditioner between split air conditioners and multi-split air conditioners. They can be understood as one-to-one central air conditioners and are cheaper than central air conditioners.

Southern regions are more accepting of central air conditioners than northern regions, also because central air conditioners have a certain heating function, while most northern regions with central heating do not need to care for this.

Air conditioning and heating use refrigerant (fluorine) to transfer outdoor heat into the room. When the outdoor temperature is too low, the refrigerant's ability to evaporate and absorb heat will decrease. In order to maintain the indoor temperature, the compressor must work hard and the motor will wear out. , the lifespan is shortened, and it consumes electricity. In the south, where winter temperatures are relatively mild, a compressor with better performance and high-quality refrigerant can fully meet the heating needs.

What affects the refrigeration performance of the air conditioner is the compressor, which is equivalent to the "heart" of the air conditioner. There are three types of compressors, reciprocating, rotor, and scroll. When central air conditioners are of the same brand and power, the scroll type is more expensive than the rotor type, and the rotor type is more expensive than the reciprocating type.

The power of an air conditioner is generally called "horse". One horse corresponds to a cooling capacity of about 2500W, and the temperature control area is about 12 square meters.

Frequency conversion allows the air conditioner to work at different frequencies. The main benefit is energy saving.

Divided into DC frequency conversion and AC frequency conversion. DC variable frequency motors consume less energy than AC variable frequency motors and are more expensive to build. This is reflected in the fact that air conditioners with variable frequency are more expensive than non-variable ones, and DC variable frequency motors are more expensive than AC variable frequency ones.

Freon is mostly used as refrigerant. When you mention Freon, you will think of damaging the environment. In fact, Freon is a brand registered by DuPont in the United States. The refrigerant that destroys the ozone layer is Freon R22. Now it is gradually replaced by Freon R410.

The main domestic brands include Gree, Midea, and Haier, while the main imported brands include Daikin, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Hitachi, etc.

In terms of pure technical level, the level of domestic air-conditioning manufacturers is between the two. Foreign companies each have their own advantages, such as Toshiba, the originator of inverters, Hitachi with advanced scroll technology, and Mitsubishi with solid quality.

Daikin entered the Chinese market relatively early and has accumulated a good reputation over the years. The frequency conversion technology of central air conditioners is mature (what Daikin calls VRV technology) and can flexibly control the temperature of different indoor units.

Mitsubishi Electric mainly has three series, Lingshang, Lingyao and Bingyan. Lingshang is suitable for small apartments; Lingyao uses a branch box to simplify the pipeline and facilitate maintenance; Ice Flame heating is relatively strong.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries mainly has two series: SCM and KXZmini. SCM specializes in small apartments of 80 to 100 square meters; KXZmini is more expensive and focuses on whole-house customization, such as villas with many rooms.

For example, for a 120-square-meter three-bedroom and one-living room, if you buy a one-to-four six-horse central air conditioner, the domestic brand price is about 25,000, and the imported brand price is about 50% more than this.

Because it involves ceiling and pipeline layout, the installation of central air conditioners is much more difficult than ordinary air conditioners. At the beginning of the decoration, usually on the day when the water and electricity are handed over, the person installing the central air conditioner should discuss the installation plan with the foreman, plumber and designer.

After consultation, in line with the principle of "small pipes give way to big pipes", the central air conditioner should be installed first (if there is fresh air, the fresh air should be installed first, the general fresh air pipe will be thicker than the central air conditioner), the air pipes and liquid pipes should be laid, and the air pipes should be laid in advance. Set the power supply location, and then install the water and electricity pipelines.

Start hoisting the indoor unit first. The position of the indoor unit should be considered to shorten the distance between the pipes as much as possible, because the longer the distance the refrigerant flows in the pipes, the greater the loss; there should be a small distance between the indoor unit and the roof to avoid When working, it resonates with the roof and damages the body.

After the indoor unit is hoisted, pipe laying begins. The pipe laying route diagram should be a drawing jointly decided by the central air-conditioning merchant, plumber, and designer.

Pipes are generally copper pipes. Since the refrigerants currently used have relatively high pressures, the welding requirements for the pipes are relatively high. After the pipes are laid out, vacuum must be extracted or high-pressure nitrogen must be filled to check the welding quality of the pipes (there is a branch box inside the pipe). The machine requires almost no welding).

After the pipes are laid, the outdoor unit should be installed. The outdoor unit should be installed in a well-ventilated place with as few obstructions as possible within one meter around it.

The last step is to install the air outlet, return air outlet and fluorine filling test. The position of the air outlet should be away from the bedside or sofa. Combined with the indoor furniture placement and lamp trough design drawings, the advantage of the central air conditioner's soft air output should be maximized.

The general air return method is "side out and back down", that is, air is out from the side and air is returned from the bottom. The air outlet and return air outlet should not be too close to avoid "short circuit" in the air path.

The air vents are generally made of aluminum alloy louvers, which are strong and durable. However, water may drip from the air vents. They are usually white. If you want to make other colors, you usually have to pay more. There are also ABS plastic or wooden air vents, which are not easy to drip. There are many shapes and colors, and you can customize them according to your needs. Choose from ceiling styles.

In addition to the air outlet and return air outlet, remember to leave a maintenance opening (the return air outlet is often used as a maintenance opening), otherwise the suspended ceiling will have to be dismantled when maintenance is needed.

Pay attention to ask whether the brand's installation team is professional and reliable. Most of the mainstream domestic brands now outsource installation. You need to directly connect with the installation master and coordinate the relationship.

There are also pipeline welding problems that may not have been discovered in the pipeline test at the time. However, after a period of time, the problem may be leaking fluorine, or the cooling function may be damaged, and the ceiling must be removed and the problem must be started again. There are even mistakes in installing the outdoor unit of the air conditioner on the indoor balcony.

The installation fee is generally included in the total price of purchasing a central air conditioner, and the installation fee and accessories generally account for 20 to 30% of the total price.

If the installation is outsourced, the price varies from place to place. The installation fee for most home-improvement central air-conditioning contractors is between 1,400 and 1,500 yuan. The tooling is different, and it depends on the material of the copper pipe.

If you install an air-conditioning extension pipe, the price of the extension pipe is about 110 yuan per meter; if you want to buy a complete set of air-conditioning connecting pipes, the price is 300 yuan per set; if you want to buy copper pipes directly, copper pipes are sold by weight, and the price is About 55 yuan per kilogram. Of course, the specific situation needs to be analyzed in detail, these are just references.

Although fresh air was largely recognized by everyone due to the smog, in fact, the earliest mission of fresh air was to exchange air. Ventilation indoors and outdoors can be achieved without opening doors or windows.

Only later, as air pollution became increasingly serious, various purification and filtering functions were added to ensure that the air you breathe indoors is fresh and clean even if there is a lot of smog outside.

Many of today's ducted fresh air systems have a heat exchange function, which allows the air entering and exiting the room to exchange heat inside the fresh air unit (not air exchange), recovering part of the heat that wants to escape, that is to say, the fresh cold air from the outside The air can be "heated" several degrees before being introduced into the room.

Heat exchange can greatly reduce the energy consumption of heating in winter and air conditioning in summer.

I'm afraid not. Although both fresh air and air purifiers can purify indoor air, there is still a big difference.

The difference is: with the doors and windows closed, a house equipped with fresh air can still be ventilated from the outside, ensuring that the room is always in an oxygen-rich state, the air humidity is also very uniform, and the comfort level will be much higher.

The purifier can only exchange air in the room, and the air exchanged is the air in the room. Oxygen cannot come in and carbon dioxide cannot go out. After a long time, it will feel stuffy.

As we all know, the most effective way to remove formaldehyde is ventilation. The main function of fresh air is to filter and exchange air, and the air purifier cannot do it at all.

Although there are air purifiers on the market that specifically remove formaldehyde, they mainly use the principle of activated carbon to adsorb formaldehyde. However, once the adsorption is full, it will no longer be effective and the filter element must be replaced.

Fresh air also has some disadvantages, such as noise. Regardless of price, all fresh air machines will make noise when operating, but the noise level is different.

The later maintenance cost is relatively high. It is necessary to regularly replace or clean the filter material, clean the air vents, pipes, etc.

However, air purifiers also make noise, and the filters must be cleaned or replaced after a certain period of time.

①One-way flow

②Two-way flow

①Ceiling type

②Wall-mounted

③Cabinet type

Air volume:

noise:

Power: generally more than 100 watts. The weak gear only has tens of watts, which is equivalent to an electric fan.

There are two types of pipes: PVC hard pipes and PE hoses.

Filter materials are mainly divided into filter filtration and electrostatic adsorption.

The filter structure is usually a primary filter and an advanced filter with multiple layers. The more advanced filter type is HEPA, which can effectively filter out particles above PM0.3, not to mention PM2.5.

Electrostatic adsorption is also called electrostatic dust removal. It uses an electrostatic box with aluminum wire inside.

Both methods have their own pros and cons. The filter filter is more thorough, but the filter element needs to be replaced regularly. The advantage of the electrostatic method is that there is no need to replace the filter element, it can be taken out and washed with water. The disadvantage is that some ozone will be released.

Nowadays, many people choose the combination of filter and electrostatic precipitator when installing fresh air, which has better effect.

The higher the heat exchange rate, the better. The heat exchange rate of household fresh air systems currently on the market can generally reach about 80%.

When buying, pay attention to two English words: HRV and ERV. HRV is sensible heat exchange, regardless of humidity regulation. ERV is a full heat exchanger and can achieve limited humidity adjustment function. It is best to choose full heat exchange for higher comfort.

There are three main materials for heat exchange cores: paper, aluminum foil, and polymer film.

Basically, it is the leading brand among domestic fresh air fans, focusing on cabinet-type machines. The fan is original and has a 2-year warranty.

The representative models include SF250 and SC250, both of which are cabinet machines. The maximum air volume is 250m³/h, the heat exchange core material is aluminum paper, the pipes are PVC hard pipes, HEPA13 level advanced filters are used, and there is electrostatic dust removal.

The host installation fee and pipeline price are 21,500 yuan for SF250 and 21,200 yuan for SC250.

It is a famous Japanese brand, and the fans are also original and come with a 5-8 year warranty.

There are three representative models: FY-25ZDP1C, FY-RZ28DP1, and FY-25ZJD1C. The maximum capacities are 250m³/h, 280m³/h, and 250m³/h respectively.

They are all full heat exchangers, the heat exchange core material is paper core, and the pipes are PE pipes. The filter material is a three-layer filter.

The quality of Panasonic's fresh air is reliable, but many users have reported that some of Panasonic's installation teams are not professional and the installation quality is not good. Because its installation services are outsourced.

Host installation fee and pipeline price, the costs of the three models are: 14,980 yuan, 13,989 yuan, and 15,442 yuan.

A famous American brand, it first started selling range hoods and ventilation fans, and later developed a fresh air product line. The fans are manufactured by domestic manufacturers.

Representative models include: NOAH2.5, THINO15&DFB purifier, and Smaeto2.0H. The maximum air volume is: 330m³/h, 240m³/h, 230m³/h.

They are all full heat exchangers. The heat exchange core material uses a polymer fiber base material and has a long service life. Pipes can be made of PVC or PE, and the filter material is a three-layer filter. Installation services are also outsourced.

Host installation fee and pipeline price, the costs of the three models are: 24,499 yuan, 20,029 yuan, and 13,009 yuan.

The sooner you find a fresh air vendor, the better. The installation of fresh air usually starts during or just after the demolition is completed, and should be completed before the ceiling is installed at the latest.

The design planning can be carried out earlier and matched with the floor plan first, and the final plan can be determined on site during the structural demolition and modification.

The merchant will send a dedicated person to come to the site to measure and determine the location of the fan, the air return and return method, and the layout direction of the pipeline, etc.

Generally, kitchens, bathrooms, and balconies are chosen as the installation locations for fans. These areas do not have high requirements for floor height and have little noise impact.

The fan cannot be installed in a place with high temperature to avoid thermal deformation or damage to the filter and heat exchange core; it cannot be installed in a place with high humidity to avoid causing a short circuit.

The installation height of the fan needs to be about 30cm. The installation must be firm and cannot be attached to the top, because the fan will vibrate and requires a certain amount of space.

An inspection opening must be left at the fan, especially when it is suspended from the ceiling. Otherwise, if you want to replace the filter element or clean it in the future, you will not be able to do it.

After installing the indoor unit at the construction site, be sure to cover the fan with plastic film to prevent dust, cement, etc. from entering the fan and affecting its service life.

The layout of ducts has a very important relationship with the efficiency of fresh air supply.

The shorter the duct, the better. If you can, go as straight as possible to reduce the number of corners. Try not to use 90-degree sharp turns, otherwise the wind resistance will be great. It is recommended to use two 45-degree air ducts to form a 90-degree one. Branch pipes should use Y-shaped inclined tees as much as possible.

Drilling holes must avoid wires in the wall, and try to avoid opening holes on beams, pillars, and load-bearing walls to avoid touching steel bars and affecting the safety of the building structure.

Lintels can be used, but they may cause a certain loss of air volume and sacrifice part of the floor height.

If the floor height itself is not high and you must drill holes, it is best to ask the property manager in advance if it is possible. The hole must be drilled close to the ceiling, the ceiling cannot be too low, and the hole diameter cannot exceed 1/4 of the beam height. Generally, the fresh air supply duct needs to be drilled with at least 80mm holes.

For a ceiling-type fresh air system, you can consider running the pipes along the four sides of the roof, so that there is no need for a suspended ceiling in the center and the feeling of depression is reduced.

The main unit and the air duct are connected with a hose. The connection between the air duct and the joint hose needs to be reinforced with a pipe hoop to ensure that it does not fall off or leak. Vibration-proof and noise-reducing measures must be taken at the joints.

The distance between the outdoor air inlet and exhaust outlet should be kept at least 1.5m to prevent freshly discharged dirty air from being sucked in again.

The outdoor air inlet should not be placed together with the exhaust outlet of the gas water heater or the exhaust outlet of the range hood. There should be a minimum distance of 1.5m, otherwise the fresh air will be sucked in with poisonous gas!

Indoor air outlet design is generally divided into two methods: "top air supply and top return" (top air supply) and "floor air supply and top return" (floor air supply).

Send and return:

Send top reply:

Power on, debug and accept, confirm whether the host is running normally, whether the pipe connection seal is normal, whether the air volume is appropriate, whether the noise is loud, etc.

Demand scene: I forgot to turn off the desk lamp on the desk before getting into bed. Climbing out and turning off the light in the middle of winter is torture. In one word, cold!

Solution Smart Socket Cell Phone/Wireless Switch

Requirement scene: When I woke up at night, the room was dark, and I accidentally stubbed my toe on the corner of the bed, which was so refreshing.

Solution Body Sensor Gateway

Smoke alarms and natural gas alarms are installed upside down on the ceiling. They can be pasted or drilled. Once the concentration of surrounding smoke or natural gas exceeds the standard, an alarm sound will gradually increase. After connecting to the gateway or air conditioner companion, you can send reminder notifications to the mobile app.

Similar to smoke alarms, there are water immersion sensors, but they cannot sound an alarm by themselves and must be paired with a gateway. When the water level is higher than 0.5mm, the gateway will alarm to reduce losses caused by forgetting to turn off the faucet, burst water pipes, etc.

Door and window sensors are placed in pairs and attached between the door frame and the door, or between the window frame and the window. When the door or window is pushed open, the two sensors are misaligned, the gateway emits a high-decibel alarm sound and flashes a red alarm light, the smart camera is turned on, and the video is uploaded to the cloud. , and notify the mobile app at the same time.

As for the size of the alarm sound, people who are sleeping deeply will definitely be woken up anyway, and thieves will most likely be scared away. If there are elderly and children at home, please use it as appropriate. In addition, be sure to set a warning period, otherwise it may scare you.

Other ways to use the door and window sensor: stick it on the entrance door, and when someone opens the door to go home, the smart entrance light will light up; stick it on the window, when the window is closed, the smart air purifier will turn on, and when the window is opened, the smart air purifier will turn off.

With door and window sensors and human body sensors, the role of wireless switches has been greatly reduced. In the past, lights could be turned on by pressing the switch, but now people turn on lights when they pass by. Therefore, wireless switches are only entry-level, and sensors are the real... intelligent.

In summer, when the Bluetooth thermometer and hygrometer detects that the temperature in the home exceeds 30 degrees, and the human body sensor detects that there is someone in the home, the air conditioner is turned on. With the smart car rearview mirror, the position is within 100 meters of the home, and the air conditioner companion is remotely controlled, and the air conditioner is turned on. Once you get home from get off work, you can enjoy the cool environment.

Temperature and humidity sensors and Bluetooth thermohygrometers can both monitor the temperature and humidity at home, but a Bluetooth thermohygrometer with a display is more recommended. Otherwise, you need to open the mobile app every time you want to check the temperature and humidity. Sometimes you will be happy to open your phone, but gradually you will find it too troublesome and give up.

Be careful not to place them in too high or too low a position, otherwise the measured temperature may be different from the body temperature.

The smart car rearview mirror comes with a GPS, which can be set to perform certain operations within 100 meters of a certain range. Children who do not drive can also use mobile phone GPS to achieve the same function. However, according to personal testing, whether it is the rearview mirror or the mobile phone, the GPS geofencing effect is not very good. Often people arrive at the door of the house, and the air conditioner still does not respond. . .

Decoration process

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Problems with wall & floor renovation of second-hand houses

circuit

Familiar board brands

Formaldehyde release

wall-mounted system

thin paste method

Drainage slope

Wall leveling

sink

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wall covering

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Central air conditioning

Common sense about lamps

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