1. Local anesthesia has a stable effect, low toxicity, and an action time of 45 to 60 minutes (short-acting)

2. Poor diffusion and penetration capabilities, not suitable for topical anesthesia

3. Has sedative and analgesic effects

4. In case of anaphylactic shock, skin test before use

1. Anesthetic potency and toxicity are higher than procaine (long-acting)

2. The onset of effect is 10 to 15 minutes.

3. Strong penetrability, fast and firm combination with nerves, and good surface anesthesia effect

4. It is highly toxic and epinephrine should be added to delay the absorption of the drug.

1. Fast onset of action, strong penetration, wide dispersion, no obvious blood vessel dilation (moderate effect)

2. It has obvious neurotoxicity and is not used for spinal anesthesia. It is widely used for topical anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia.

3. Anti-arrhythmic

1. The anesthesia time is longer than that of tetracaine

2. Adding epinephrine can improve anesthetic efficacy and reduce blood concentration.

3. It is safe for maternal use and has no obvious inhibitory effect on newborns.

4. Adding epinephrine is suitable for postoperative analgesia (motor nerve)

5. Specific concentrations are suitable for analgesia during labor or postoperative analgesia

1. The anesthetic effect is similar to that of bupivacaine

2. Nervous and cardiac toxicity are significantly reduced

1. Blockade (anesthesia) of sensory fibers is better than motor fibers

2. Cardiac and neurological toxicity is significantly lower than that of bupivacaine

3. Suitable for acute pain (delivery and postoperative analgesia)