MindMap Gallery Nosocomial infection prevention and control mind map
Mind map on the prevention and control of hospital infections, nursing knowledge, physical disinfection and sterilization methods, physical disinfection and sterilization methods, chemical disinfection and sterilization methods, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-08 17:57:22This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Prevention and control of hospital infections
Hospital Infection
It is also a hospital-acquired infection, with no clear incubation period and an infection acquired 48 hours after admission.
Endogenous infection - autoinfection, invasion of one's own inherent pathogens, such as opportunistic pathogens
Exogenous infection - cross-infection, invasion by non-inherent pathogens, such as between patients and patients, and between patients and medical staff
Conditions for occurrence - source of infection, route of transmission, and susceptible host (three elements are indispensable)
Physical disinfection and sterilization method
Burning method - used for contaminated items that do not need to be retained, such as contaminated paper, dressings, waste, etc.
Dry roasting method
Used for items that do not deteriorate, damage or evaporate under high temperatures, such as powders, oils, glassware, etc.
Sterilization time: 2.5h at 150℃, 2h at 160℃, 1h at 170℃, 0.5h at 180℃
Physical disinfection and sterilization method
Burning method - used for contaminated items that do not need to be retained, such as contaminated paper, dressings, waste, etc.
Dry roasting method
Used for items that do not deteriorate, damage or evaporate under high temperatures, such as powders, oils, glassware, etc.
Sterilization time: 2.5h at 150℃, 2h at 160℃, 1h at 170℃, 0.5h at 180℃
Boil to sterilize
Scope of application
Used for items that are resistant to moisture and high temperatures
Such as ceramics, metal, glass, tableware, etc.
Notice
Start timing when the water boils, add items halfway, and time after the water boils again
Adding sodium bicarbonate to water can increase the boiling point to 105°C, enhance bactericidal effect, remove dirt and prevent rust
All items need to be immersed in the water, open the shaft joint and cover
Place glass, metal, and ceramics in a pot under cold water. Wrap rubber items in gauze and add the water to the boil.
For every 300m increase in altitude, the boiling time will be extended by 2 minutes.
Pressure steam sterilization
The most widely used and most reliable preferred sterilization method. It cannot be used for the sterilization of oils and powders.
Bottom exhaust pressure steam sterilizer
Sterilization pressure 102.8-122.9kpa, temperature 121℃
Instrument sterilization time 20 minutes
Sterilization time of excipients is 30 minutes
Pre-exhaust pressure steam sterilizer
When the sterilization temperature is 132℃, the pressure is 184.4-210.7kap
When the sterilization temperature is 134℃, the pressure is 201.7-226.3kao
Sterilization time 4 minutes
#TODO UV lamp disinfection
#TODO Wavelength - 250-270nm, optimal wavelength 253.7nm, time 5-7 minutes after the light turns on
#TODO Air disinfection - effective distance 1.8-2.2m, time no less than 30 minutes
#TODO Surface disinfection - effective distance 25-60cm, time 20-60min
Sun exposure - more than 6 hours with regular turning in between, used for mattresses, blankets, books, clothes, etc.
Filtration sterilization - laminar flow purification, used in operating rooms, burn wards, organ transplant wards
Chemical disinfection and sterilization
Sterilizer
Kill all microorganisms (including bacterial spores)
Such as ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde (used for disinfection of precision instruments such as endoscopes)
Highly effective disinfectant
Kills all bacterial propagules and most bacterial spores
Such as peracetic acid and high-concentration chlorine-containing disinfectants
Medium effectiveness disinfectant
Kills various pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores
Such as iodophor, ethanol
Ineffective disinfectants
Can only kill bacterial propagules and lipophilic viruses
Such as benzalkonium bromide, chlorhexidine, etc.