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Photographic composition (broad sense photographic art creation)
The concept of photographic composition, photographic composition is to use photography to arrange and layout various modeling elements in the picture to organize them into a whole, in order to find the best picture form (primary purpose) and to better express the theme and idea (final purpose) )
Edited at 2023-11-07 09:07:08
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Photographic composition (broad sense photographic art creation)
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- Outline
Photographic composition (broad sense: photographic art creation)
Preface
1. The concept of photographic composition: Photographic composition is to use photography to arrange and layout the picture, and to organize various modeling elements into a whole, in order to seek the best form of the picture (primary purpose), in order to achieve the best Express the theme idea (ultimate purpose).
2. Criteria for evaluating the quality of images
1. The picture must have a universal theme: movies and television are mass media media; the dissemination of film and television pictures has time-limited and linear characteristics; film and television pictures must be understood, recognized and accepted by the vast majority of the audience in a short period of time. .
2. The image expression of the picture must be strong: film and television communication mainly relies on audio-visual means Pictures are a global language that crosses borders and cultures. “A sight is worth a hundred hearings” “A picture is worth a thousand words”
3. Rich or strong emotional factors
Break through rational cognition
Give the picture rich connotation
Influence the emotions and behavior of the audience
4. The picture should be concise
Simplicity can highlight the main point
Simplicity can bring visual pleasure
Painting is addition
Photography is subtraction
5. The picture must have a certain formal beauty: the things in the picture frame are all things that have been reorganized. The strength of the formal beauty of the picture is not a "conceptual issue" at all, but a question of "whether conditions and time allow it." , observation and imagination are essential abilities for photographers.
Chapter 1 Elements of composition and their processing
Elements of the picture: subject, companion, foreground, background, blank
main body
1. Definition of subject: The subject is the main expression object of the picture, an important embodiment of the theme of the picture, the basic condition for the existence of the picture, and the focus that controls the overall picture. In layman's terms, the main subject, the main thing you want the audience to see, is the main body of the picture.
2. The role of the subject
center of expression
center of structure picture
3. Principles for handling subjects
Prominence: The prominence of the subject is the starting point and fundamental task of the composition of the picture.
4. Methods to highlight the subject
subject position
1. Golden section composition (thirds composition)
2. Jiugong style composition ("well") character composition
3. S-shaped composition
More suitable for photographing things that have meandering linear features. S-shaped composition, general overhead shot
You need to pay attention to where the starting point of the line goes. Generally, the starting point is in the lower left corner or the lower right corner.
4. Diagonal composition: conducive to highlighting and stabilizing the picture
5. Symmetrical composition (similar or comparable)
Conducive to expressing quiet, stable, serious and solemn themes
It is easy to make the picture look dull, unchanged and lifeless.
Main area
1. Directly highlight the subject: Make the subject's imaging area larger in the picture
2. Indirectly highlight the subject
The subject is relatively small in the picture The subject is generally far away Pictures that indirectly highlight the subject focus on "freehand brushwork" Focus change ≠ focal length change
Method (a little red from all the green)
1. Use light and dark contrast
2. Use color contrast
3. Use lines to guide people’s sight
4. Use framing prospects
5. Use dynamic and static contrast
6. Use motion comparison (comparison of motion direction, speed, trajectory, etc.)
Fulcrum
When shooting large-scale scenes that mainly express scenes, scale, quantity, and momentum, it is often necessary to find a thing or a point in the shooting scene to play a role in commanding the overall situation and structuring the picture. This thing or this point It is the fulcrum of the picture.
Generally, pictures of large scenes and scenes are shot in a large space and contain many scenery.
Structure the picture, control the overall situation, and avoid cluttering the picture
Accompanying body
Definition: Accompanying body is a secondary object that accompanies and renders the main body in the picture, and forms a specific plot with the main body. It is the secondary object that is most closely related to the main body.
effect
(1) Explain, limit, explain the subject
(2) Clarify and deepen the theme
(3) The escort can sometimes be the foreground at the same time.
deal with
Directly deal with the companion: the companion is within the picture. This kind of picture emphasizes completeness and independence, and is a closed composition (more suitable for picture photography)
Indirect processing of companions: companions are outside the painting and can be supplemented through association and imagination. It is an open composition (more suitable for film and television photography)
prospect
Definition: The foreground is the scene in front of the subject and closest to the camera.
effect
1. Enhance the sense of space in the picture
2. In film and television sports photography, use the foreground to enhance the sense of movement.
3. Fill in too many gaps in the picture
4. Block the cluttered scenery in the background
5. Explain the subjective point of view and shoot subjective shots
framing prospects
Enhance the pattern beauty of the picture
Prominent subject (indirect)
Block out unnecessary things in the background
elements of photographic composition
background
The background is the environmental scenery behind the subject in the picture that serves as foil and rendering.
Frequently Asked Questions: Poor overlap of front and rear scenes
effect
1. Explain the time and space characteristics of the picture
2. Render the atmosphere
3. Constitute a specific theme with the subject and things in the foreground
deal with
1. Meaningful for the theme performance
2. There should be contrast with the subject in terms of light, shade and color.
3. The background should be simplified
method
1. Angle: overhead shot (close and wide angle exaggeration) and overhead shot
2. Light: backlighting
3. Lens focal length: long focal length lens
4. Aperture: large aperture
5. Follow-up shooting: the subject is real, and the front and rear backgrounds become dotted lines.
6. Weather conditions: wind, frost, rain, snow, fog (lyrical elements), etc.
blank
Definition: Blank space is not necessarily pure black or pure white. Any part that has no physical meaning in the picture can be regarded as blank.
effect
1. Affects the prominence of the subject (if the blank is large, it will stand out; otherwise, it will be difficult to stand out) Cartier-Bresson: Decisive Moment Theory
2. Make the picture concise
3. Create artistic conception (pictures with more blank spaces tend to focus on freehand brushwork)
deal with
1. Generally leave more blank space in front or in front of the object
Leave more white space in front of the subject's line of sight
Leave more white space in front of the movement of moving objects
Leave more space in the direction of light incidence
2. Pay attention to the ratio of blank to solid parts, which should not exceed 9:1 at maximum.
3. Large areas of blank space must be “broken”
Classification of photography sports
Movement within the frame (usually the camera is not moving)
Take advantage of shutter speed control
Choose lenses with different focal lengths: (Short focal length lens enhances longitudinal movement dynamics) (Long focal length lens enhances lateral movement dynamics)
Movement outside the frame (the subject does not move, the camera moves)
In film and television photography, push, pull, shake, move, raise, lower
When taking pictures, you can shake the camera to take pictures
Shooting "explosive footage" with a zoom lens
Comprehensive movement inside and outside the frame (both the camera and the subject move)
In film and television photography, it is reflected in pushing, pulling, shaking, and moving
In picture photography, the effect of "following shooting" can be formed
Chapter 2 Shooting angle
meaning of angle
1. Different angles lead to different shapes of the picture.
2. Different angles have different expressive powers.
3. Different angles, different emphases
4. Film and television photography angles reflect the effects of different viewpoints
shooting direction
Frontal angle: Features
1. The most important angle that shows the essential characteristics of things
2. When photographing people, the focus is on expressing the person’s demeanor, the symmetrical structure of the human body and the person’s frontal movements.
3. Suitable for themes that express quietness, seriousness, solemnity, and stability
4. It is helpful to form a direct sense of communication inside and outside the painting. It is often used to shoot subjective shots.
5. Photographing multiple things means displaying them side by side and evaluating them equally.
Side angle: Features
Conducive to expressing movements, postures and gestures
Conducive to explaining the positional relationship between things
Helps show the outline of things
Conducive to showing the communication between people and things
In film and television photography, parallel camera shots are usually from side angles
Oblique side angle: Features
It has the characteristics of both front and side angles, and is flexible and changeable.
Classic angles for shooting portraits
Conducive to expressing the sense of space and three-dimensionality
Conducive to expressing momentum and movement
Conducive to highlighting or weakening parts of things
In film and television photography, inside and outside reverse shots often use oblique side angles
Back angle: Features
1. Implicit, with a large space for imagination and association
2. Give the audience a strong sense of participation and companionship
3. Has suspense effect
4. It has the characteristics of "borrowing reality and freehand brushwork"
5. Pay attention to refining posture and contours
Chapter 3 Shooting height
flat angle shot
Features
Objective, real and natural, closest to normal human visual effects
The most commonly used and common shooting angle
Pay attention to the problem
Note the simplification of the background
Pay attention to the processing of the horizon
Shooting from an elevated angle: Features
Photograph tall objects at close range
Have strong subjective emotional color
Exaggerate the height of your jumps
Simplify background
Exaggerate foreground scenery (background reduction method)
Establish a connection between the upper and lower parts of the screen
Reflect the effect of looking up and combine it with inner feelings
Shooting from an overhead angle: Features
Shoot big scenes, panoramic views, and explain the positional relationship between things
Expressing depth and extension lines
Have strong subjective emotional color
Simplify background
Compress the height of a jump
Compress foreground scene
Top angle shot: Features
Express pattern beauty
Creates a disparity in size between the upper and lower parts of the subject
Express the visual effect of looking down and shoot subjective shots
Turn the solid into a flat surface and simplify the composition
Chapter 4 Shooting distance
Scene type
Long shot: A scene taken from a relatively long distance (or a short focal length lens), covering a relatively large space, containing many things, and focusing on expressing the scene, scale, quantity, momentum and spatial environment.
Function: 1. Explain the space environment 2. In film and television works, it often has a lyrical effect
Note: 1. "Taking the potential from a distance and looking at the big picture", grasp the big lines, shapes, color blocks, and outlines 2. Use prospects consciously 3. In film and television photography and editing, it is often necessary to retain a certain length of time.
Panoramic scene classification: 1. Taking the adult human body as the reference standard, it refers to the whole body of the human body. 2. Photographing other things means retaining the integrity of the external contours of the things. and not have too much white space around it
Function: 1. Objectively show the whole picture of the subject 2. Explain the relationship between the subject and the environment 3. Explain the relationship between things 4. It has the function of positioning, determining the axis, light and tone.
Mid-shot: 1. Taking the adult human body as the reference standard, it refers to the area above the knee (standing) or waist (sitting) 2. Photographing other things means including most of the things and the main parts of the things.
Function: 1. Conducive to showing movements, postures and gestures 2. Conducive to plot communication 3. The most commonly used and common scene type in film and television photography
Close-up shots: 1. Taking the adult human body as the reference standard, including the human body from the chest up 2. When photographing other things, only include the main part of the thing.
Note: 1. "Get the spirit from what is close": The emphasis is on expressing the person's demeanor, and special attention should be paid to the treatment of the person's expression, eyes, and gestures. 2. "Get the quality from the near": focus on expressing the color, texture and texture of things 3. "Compared to the normal visual effect of human beings, start to magnify forcibly and be particularly precise."
Close-up scenes: 1. Taking the adult human body as the reference standard, including the person’s shoulders and above 2. When photographing other things, only parts of them are included.
Function: 1. Highlight details 2. See the whole through partial perspective and reveal the essence through appearances 3. It is highly subjective and has the meaning of compulsory viewing. 4. In film and television editing, it is often used to illustrate scenes or transitions.
Note: 1. It must have a clear purpose and cannot be abused. 2. Pay special attention to people’s expressions, eyes, and gestures. 3. Pay attention to capturing the connotative plot and details of the shooting scene
Two meanings
actual distance
Lens focal length