Severe cold all year round; weak solar radiation, controlled by icy air masses; Antarctic continent, Greenland; ice sheet belt

40º~60º

Cold winters, hot summers, little rain throughout the year

Cause: It is controlled by continental air masses all year round, far away from the ocean, and it is difficult for water vapor to enter

Inland areas of Eurasia and North America

Temperate steppe zone, temperate desert zone and subarctic coniferous forest zone

Inside the continent

35º~55º

Hot and rainy summers, cold and dry winters

Cause: Differences in thermal properties between sea and land form winter and summer monsoons (southeast monsoon and northwest monsoon)

Qinling Mountains--north of Huaihe River

Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone

East coast of mainland China

40º~60º

Mild and humid year-round

Cause: Controlled by westerly winds all year round

Western Europe

Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone

Mainland West Coast

10º~25º

High temperatures throughout the year, divided into two seasons: rainy season and dry season.

Causes: Differences in thermal properties between sea and land (northeast monsoon) and pressure belts, seasonal movement of wind belts (southwest monsoon)

Indochina, Asia; Indian Peninsula

Tropical monsoon forest belt

East coast of mainland China

30º~40º

High temperatures and little rain in the summer (hot and dry), mild and rainy winters

Cause: alternately controlled by subtropical high pressure belts and westerly belts

mediterranean coast

Subtropical evergreen sclerophyllous forest (olives, citrus, grapes ‘wine-producing Italy, Spain, France’)

Mainland West Coast

25º~35º

Summers are hot and rainy, winters are mild and rainy

Cause: Differences in thermal properties between sea and land, forming winter and summer monsoons (southeast monsoon and northwest monsoon)

Qinling Mountains--south of the Huaihe River (the dividing line between subtropical monsoon and temperate monsoon)

Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt

East coast of mainland China

20º~30º

High temperature and little rain all year round (hot and dry all year round)

Cause: alternately controlled by subtropical high pressure belts and trade wind belts in winter

Sahara Desert; Arabian Peninsula; Central and Western Australia

tropical desert zone

Mainland West Coast

10º~20º

High temperatures throughout the year, divided into dry and wet seasons (more rain in the wet season and less rain in the dry season)

Cause: The equatorial low pressure belt (rainy season) and the trade wind belt (dry season) are alternately controlled

Central Africa; southern Brazil; northern and eastern and southern Australia

Tropical Savannah Zone (Tropical Savannah Zone)

Mainland West Coast

0º~10º

High temperatures and rain all year round

Cause: The equatorial region is controlled by the equatorial low pressure belt throughout the year, and updrafts prevail

The Malay Archipelago region in East Asia; the Congo River Basin in Africa; the Amazon River Basin in South America (the largest rainforest area in the world)

tropical rainforest zone

Mainland West Coast