The lower edge of the interatrial septum cannot come into contact with the endocardial cushion

Central type 80% around foramen ovale

Superior vena cava type 5% superior vena cava entrance

Inferior vena cava type 1%

Small defect Asymptomatic Physical examination murmur

large defect

Right chamber? Right room?

subtopic

Preoperative exclusion of coronary artery disease in adults (>50)

Observe whether there are other extracardiac malformations

Diagnostic ultrasound is difficult to diagnose special atrial defects

Can be used to calculate split flow

The location of the defect is high

near apical level

Full pulmonary artery

Pulmonary hypertension Eisenmenger syndrome Whole heart enlargement

Are there any other extracardiac malformations?

Aortic paravalvular disease, aortic sinus aneurysm rupture

Ultrasound is difficult to diagnose ventricular septum

The thickness of the aortic and pulmonary artery end ducts is approximately the same

The duct narrows from the aorta to the pulmonary artery

The catheter is thicker than 10mm

Enlargement like an aneurysm is rare

peripheral vascular sign

Differential cyanosis

Pulmonary artery segment bulge

Eisenmenger syndrome whole heart enlargement

Assessment of aortic arch development: PDA may be associated with coarctation

Other complex malformations combined with pulmonary atresia. PDA is the main blood supply route of the pulmonary artery.

Ultrasound Difficult to Diagnose PDA