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educational psychology
The nature of educational psychology is the basic discipline that studies learning and teaching in educational situations. It is a marginal science between educational science and psychological science.
Edited at 2023-11-02 15:09:00
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educational psychology
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- Outline
educational psychology
preface
nature of educational psychology
It is a basic discipline that studies learning and teaching in educational contexts.
It is a border science between educational science and psychological science.
book organization
Moral Education Psychology Editor
Learning Psychology Editor
Teaching Psychology Editor
Differential Psychology
Chapter 1 Overview of Moral Education Psychology
Our country's traditional moral education psychological thought
thoughts on moral knowledge
thoughts on moral emotions
Ancient Chinese thinkers and educators always combined the emotions encountered in moral understanding to discuss
Ancient Chinese thinkers and educators also paid attention to poetry and music as a means of cultivating students' emotions.
thoughts on moral will
thoughts about moral behavior
Thoughts on the formation and development of moral character
theory of inner seeking
Wai Shuo said
The two views are not absolutely opposite. They both affirm that innate factors are the prerequisite for the formation of moral character, and attach great importance to the role of environment and education in the formation of moral character.
Scope of moral education psychology research
moral understanding
moral evaluation
One type refers to an individual’s moral judgment and reasoning about the right and wrong of other people’s actions.
The other type is about individuals being aware or aware of the good and evil of their own actions.
moral sentiment
The primary internal motivation that motivates a person's ethical behavior
Sentiment is an important moral emotion
moral behavior
moral value orientation
The tasks of moral education psychology research
Methods of psychological research on moral education
The significance of psychological research on moral education
Chapter 2 The Development of Moral Understanding
An overview of the development of moral understanding
The meaning of moral awareness development
In essence, moral quality is a conscious, self-evaluative personality tendency directed by one's own ideas.
The process of formation and development of moral understanding
The primary task of moral education should be to train a person to make conscious moral decisions in conflicting moral situations.
The process of children's moral maturity is mainly the development process of moral understanding.
Marks of maturity: ability to make correct moral judgments and reasoning
Testing of moral awareness
development of moral concepts
Piaget's research on children's moral judgments
Piaget Switzerland publishes "Children's Moral Judgment" Preliminarily laid the scientific foundation for moral psychology research It reveals the development process of children's moral concepts and distinguishes children's moral judgment into two levels: heteronomy and self-discipline.
From mere rules to true principles
Children's awareness of rules develops and changes with age
The sense of obligation is an important factor that Piaget used to identify children's moral development.
Study children's attitudes towards two aspects of game rules
enforcement of rules
awareness of rules
From objective responsibility to subjective responsibility
Objective responsibility first appears in young children and gradually diminishes with age
Subjective responsibility appears later and increases with age
From obedience to fairness or equality to justice (justice)
From expiatory punishment to retributive punishment
Summary of Theory: From Heteronomy to Autonomy
Piaget believed that heteronomous morality stems from the egocentrism of young children.
Piaget believed that this is a nature of young children and is caused by their cognitive limitations.
Research on the development of children's moral concepts in my country
stage theory of moral development
moral development stage
Kohlberg's study focused on adolescents aged 10 to 16
Kohlberg believes that the development of moral control develops from the individual level, through the social level to the level of moral concepts.
Age trends in moral stages
Criticism and Counter-Criticism
critics
Questioning whether the stages of moral development are logically inevitable, such as: Alston
Whether the advanced level of psychological development has reached the stage of virtue morally, such as: Mankesha
supporter
Stages of moral development were originally a taken-for-granted fact of moral experience.
The study of moral values must not be carried out from the purely relativistic point of view that "there is no moral value system because of another moral value system"
Measurement of Moral Judgment
Chapter 3 The Development of Moral Emotions
Overview of Moral Emotional Development
The meaning of moral emotions
Personality psychology and social psychology mainly regard attitude as a kind of moral emotion in a broad sense
Empathy, also known as empathy, refers to the emotional interaction between people in interpersonal communication.
The role of moral emotions
Moral emotions are the stimulating and driving force of moral cognition
Moral emotion is the regulatory effect of cognition on moral behavior
Understanding of moral emotions refers to an individual’s perception and understanding of one’s own and others’ moral emotions.
Empathy or sympathy is an important intermediate variable between self and moral behavior
The development of noble sentiments
The meaning of sentiment
Chinese scholars usually understand sentiment as a combination of advanced social emotions and progressive behavioral patterns.
Classification of sentiments
moral sentiment
aesthetic sentiment
Reason and sentiment
development of sentiments
Factors Affecting Sentiment Development
external factors
The surrounding environment of the individual
relationships with others
social moral tradition
Internal factors
individual intelligence level
individual personality
self conscious
Trends in sentimental development
The scope of sentiment objects continues to expand and develop from concrete to abstract
The social nature of sentiments continues to increase
The independence of sentiment gradually increases
The importance of cultivating students’ noble sentiments
Plays a very important role in personal morality and behavior
The formation of an attitude towards life
Attitudes and their components
cognitive factors
Emotional Factors
Emotional factors are the core component of attitude and are an important factor affecting a person's behavior.
Intentional factors (behavioral tendency factors)
The three factors that constitute attitude are interrelated and mutually restrictive. When inconsistencies occur, emotional factors often play a major role
Attitude type
Arrogant, reckless, domineering attitude towards life
Cowardly, withdrawn, and indifferent to the world.
Open-minded, cheerful and firm attitude towards life
Cultivation of a person-centered attitude is an important task in moral education
The development of empathy or understanding
Effect and the conditions for its production
Awareness of others’ emotional expressions
understanding of other people’s situations
experience of corresponding emotional experience
The development of empathy or understanding
individual
society
comprehensive
The cultivation of empathy is an important way of moral education
Chapter 4 The Development of Moral Behavior
Overview of Ethical Behavior Development
Components of the process of moral behavior
Moral actions are an important basis for confirming the correctness and depth of a person's moral understanding and emotions.
In the early 1980s, American psychologist Lester summarized the moral behavior process into four components
explain the situation
make judgement
moral choice
Implement ethical action plan
On the Development of Moral Behavior
Observational learning and ethical behavior
What is observational learning
Observational learning processes and stages
Pay attention to the process (see it in your eyes)
Keep the process in mind
Reproduction process (reflected by operational skills)
Motivational process (having motivational intention to operate)
The impact of observational learning on ethical behavior
Form new behaviors (from scratch)
Extinguish existing behavior
inhibit existing behavior
Remove inhibitions from existing behaviors
Factors affecting observational learning
Factors affecting acquisition
Attention at this stage
Maintain this stage
Factors affecting operation
recurrence of this stage
Motivation for this stage
Thought representations act on moral behavior
What is thought representation
Two kinds of thinking representation ability
Characterize future outcomes
Establish behavioral goals
The impact of mental representation on moral behavior
Relying on mental representation activities to summarize past experiences and influence individual moral behavior
Use mental representation activities to establish lofty moral ideals and govern individual moral behavior
Use mental representation activities to clarify current action goals and influence individual moral behavior
Self-regulatory processes and ethical behavior
What is the self-regulatory process?
Mechanisms of self-regulatory processes
self-involvement in behavioral processes
Autonomous cognitive processing during behavior
Internal attribution of the causes of behavior
The impact of self-regulatory processes on ethical behavior
Intrinsic motivation that helps enhance human behavior
Helps change people’s behavioral habits
Helps develop certain behaviors in people
Chapter 5 The formation and development of values
Formation and development of values
Scientific definition of values
In the early 1930s, American psychologists Alport and Funong developed a "Values Research Scale" based on the six lifestyle types of German philosophy and psychologist Sprague.
In the 1960s, American psychologist Maslow established a theoretical system of motivation Values are not the same as hobbies or needs
In the 1970s, the pioneering work of American psychologist Rokach pushed the study of values to a new stage of development. Values are a relatively durable belief that has a motivational function
The rise of the school of value analysis
Representatives of the value analysis school are Lars from New York University and his two students Simon and Hamming. Three people co-wrote "Values and Teaching"
Formation and development of values
Three big and seven small
Value analysis
The formation and development of a correct and healthy outlook on life
The meaning of outlook on life
The formation and development of outlook on life
In the 1950s, the American developmental psychologist Kohlberg pointed out in his research that due to different levels of people's thinking maturity, they will have different views on the most basic social and moral issues, resulting in different values.
The development of life values is divided into six stages. Example: Heinz stole drugs (a classic sexual moral dilemma)
The formation and development of scientific worldview
The formation and development of scientific worldview
The key to the formation and development of a scientific worldview
Grasp the dialectical relationship between internal and external factors
Grasp the dialectical relationship between variables and qualitative change
Chapter 6 Moral Education Model
An overview of the moral education model
The meaning of moral education model
Functions of moral education model
Improve the ability of moral education educators to integrate theory with practice
Promote the ideological and moral development of educated people
Types of moral education models
Moral education model to improve students’ moral awareness
Moral education model for cultivating moral emotions
Moral education model to form moral behavior habits
A moral education model that promotes moral socialization
Moral Education Model of Values Analysis
Application of moral education model
Moral Education Model for Developing Moral Judgment Ability
Main theoretical perspectives
education strategy
group ethics discussion
self-managed organizational activities
moral climate
A moral education model to form a correct attitude towards life
Main theoretical perspectives
education strategy
faith reconstruction
attitude measurement
emotional communication
Observe words and deeds
Moral education model to cultivate behavioral self-control ability
Main theoretical perspectives
education strategy
self-monitoring
Self-evaluation
self-reinforcement
Moral Education Model of Values Analysis
Main theoretical perspectives
education strategy
cognitive selection method
Emotional thinking
behavioral decision making