Attention to black spots

Pay attention to the duration

Influencing factors

definition

Primary school students focus on one object, while middle and high school students focus on multiple objects.

With the deepening of learning activities and the development of knowledge and skills, the ability to allocate attention gradually improves.

Slow development of abilities throughout primary school

Definition: To shift attention from one object or activity to another according to a certain purpose

Influencing factors

Fast or difficult: depends on the interest of the subject of attention

1. Develop a scientific and reasonable work and rest time

Cultivate education with typical characters and deeds

There are plans to propose various tasks that children can complete

Educational and entertaining

Games: competitive homework and labor

Convert unintentional attention into intentional attention

Quiet and simple

Avoid television, radio and interesting toys

Fragmented awareness of various things

No organic connection

relationship in appearance space position

Can't see inner connections

third grade

Upper elementary school

Generalization: It is to extract the common characteristics and laws of the same type of things and summarize them

Indirectness: refers to people’s indirect understanding of objective things with the help of certain media and knowledge and experience.

Thinking is the reorganization of experience

Action thinking, image thinking and abstract thinking

Economic thinking and theoretical thinking

Intuitive thinking and analytical thinking

Convergent thinking and divergent thinking

Conventional thinking and creative thinking

Analysis: refers to the cognitive decomposition of the whole thing into its various parts, individual characteristics or individual aspects.

Synthesis: refers to the cognitive combination of various parts or different characteristics or aspects of things.

Comparison: refers to the cognitive comparison of individual parts, aspects or characteristics of objects and phenomena to determine the commonalities, differences and connections between the objects being compared.

Concrete: It is to return the concepts, principles and theories obtained through abstract generalization to reality in order to deepen and broaden the understanding of various things.

Abstraction: It is a thinking process that cognitively extracts the essential characteristics of similar things and discards non-essential characteristics.

Generalization: It is the thinking process of cognitively synthesizing the essential characteristics of similar things and extending them to other similar things.

Concept: It is a goal-oriented cognitive activity

Resources and skills for children's problem-solving development: information processing capacity, strategies, mental representation of problem space, scientific reasoning, and professional knowledge

Sensory motor stage (birth-2 years old)

Preoperational stage (2-7 years old)

Concrete operational stage (7-11 years old)

Formal operation stage (after 11 years old)

Piaget's theory

Characteristics: Gradually transition from thinking based on concrete images to thinking based on abstract logical thinking

Performance

Profundity

flexibility

Agility

originality

Amnesia theory: memories fade over time

Interference theory: mutual interference between memory traces

Suppression theory: caused by the suppression of emotions or motivations

Imageability: There is a certain degree of ambiguity, clarity, and lack of completeness

Generality: the common characteristics of a class of things

Image memory: the image of the perceived thing is the content, which is highly intuitive.

Emotional memory: memory with experienced emotions as content

Action memory: Taking the operational behaviors experienced in the past as the content, maintaining the coherence and accuracy of actions

Verbal-logical memory: content in the form of concepts, propositions, theorems, etc.

Instantaneous memory: the short-term retention of human stimulation in the sensory channel, usually only a few seconds, with infinite capacity

Short-term memory: memory held within one minute, limited capacity

Long-term memory: memory that can be retained for more than one minute and has a large retention capacity. Someone who has a good memory refers to long-term memory.

explicit memory

implicit memory

Lower grade primary school students mainly adopt mechanical memory

Primary school students in middle and high grades mostly use meaning memory methods

The ability of unintentional memory and intentional memory increases with age, and intentional memory grows faster.

Unintentional memory is dominant in preschool, and intentional memory is dominant in elementary school.

Lower grade primary school students have better concrete image memory than verbal memory

The development of verbal memory is closely linked to the development of thinking

No memory strategies in preschool

Gradually learn to use effectively during the primary semester

The poor memory effect is related to the fact that he does not move his eyes or move his hands.

effect material

source

Rework and organize material into meaningful connections

Summarize and organize materials when extracting information