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MindMap Gallery Systemic anatomy respiratory system

Systemic anatomy respiratory system

This is a mind map about the respiratory system of systemic anatomy. The main functions of the respiratory system are gas exchange, pronunciation, smell, and assisting the return of venous blood to the heart.

Edited at 2023-11-01 15:12:20

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Systemic anatomy respiratory system

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Outline

respiratory system

Summary

composition

respiratory tract

Upper respiratory tract

nose

pharynx

throat

lower respiratory tract

trachea

Bronchial tubes at all levels

lung

lung parenchyma

bronchial tree

Alveoli

pulmonary interstitium

Connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, etc.

Function

Gas exchange, pronunciation, sense of smell, assisting venous blood return to the heart, etc.

Nose: the beginning of the respiratory tract

external nose

root of nose

dorsum of nose

tip of the nose

nostril

nasal cavity

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right cavities by the nasal septum

Each side of the nasal cavity is bounded by the nasal threshold

nasal vestibule

proper nasal cavity

olfactory area

The mucous membrane covering the upper turbinate and the corresponding part above the nasal septum contains olfactory cells that can sense the stimulation of odors.

breathing zone

nasal threshold

It is the boundary that distinguishes skin and mucous membranes

Narrow at the top, wide at the bottom, long and narrow at the front and back

The anterior and lower part of the nasal septum is rich in blood vessels and superficially located.

prone to bleeding areas

three turbinates

superior turbinate

sphenoethmoidal recess

middle turbinate

Ehmoid bleb: above the foramen semilunaris

inferior turbinate

Anterior and superior: nasolacrimal duct

paranasal sinuses

frontal sinus

Open into middle meatus

ethmoid sinus

anterior ethmoid sinus

middle ethmoid sinus

Open into middle meatus

posterior ethmoid sinus

Opens into superior nasal passage

sphenoid sinus

Open into the left and right sphenoethmoidal recesses

maxillary sinus

Opening into the hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus

Larynx: breathing/sounding tube

Location

The upper limit is the lower edge of the epiglottis, and the lower limit is the upper edge of the cricoid cartilage.

The larynx orifice is connected to the larynx and pharynx, and the cricoid cartilage and tracheal ligament are connected to the trachea.

Anterior cervical vertebrae 3-6

composition

laryngeal cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

superior notch

cricoid cartilage

Level with the 6th cervical vertebra (the only complete cartilage ring in the respiratory tract)

epiglottis cartilage

shaped like leaves

arytenoid cartilage

One pair, vocal cord process, muscle process

throat connection

thyrohyoid membrane

cricothyroid joint

cricoarytenoid joint

square membrane

elastic cone

cricoid tracheal ligament

laryngeal muscles

Overview

The motor organ of articulation, striated muscles

composition

external laryngeal muscles

cricothyroid muscle

raise or lower the larynx

Internal laryngeal muscles/laryngeal muscles

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

cricoarytenoid muscle

thyroarytenoid muscle

arytenoid muscle

Tightening or relaxing of the vocal cords, narrowing or opening of the cleft of the larynx, and narrowing of the larynx

laryngeal cavity

Throat

laryngeal vestibule

vestibular folds

vestibular cleft

vocal folds

cleft glottis

The glottis cleft is the narrowest part of the larynx and the narrowest part of the upper respiratory tract.

middle cavity of larynx

subglottic cavity

trachea and bronchi

trachea

Location

The upper end is connected to the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage

Flat against the 6th cervical vertebra

to the left and right main bronchi at the square of the sternal angle, and the bifurcation is called the tracheal bifurcation

Lower edge of 4th thoracic vertebra

composition

The trachea and main bronchi are the ventilation ducts connecting the larynx and lungs. They are composed of some C-shaped tracheal cartilages connected by ligaments.

Mucous membrane

tracheal cartilage

It consists of 14-17 C-shaped notched hyaline cartilage rings backwards.

smooth muscle

connective tissue

tracheostomy

Performed at the 3rd to 5th tracheal cartilage ring (2nd to 4th tracheal cartilage is crossed by the thyroid cartilage isthmus)

tracheal bifurcation

tracheal carina

Sagittal upward bulge

Signs to determine tracheal bifurcation during bronchoscopy

bronchi

left main bronchus

Tracheal bifurcation and left hilum ventilation duct

Slender, running horizontally

7-8 cartilage rings

right main bronchus

Foreign objects that fall through the trachea enter here

Tracheal bifurcation and ventilation duct of right hilum

Short and thick, running vertically, foreign bodies in the trachea often fall into the right main bronchus

3-4 cartilage rings

lung

Location

One on each side, located in the chest, above the diaphragm, on both sides of the mediastinum

form

left lung

long and narrow

Cardiac notch (there is an obvious depression in the lower part of the front edge of the left lung)

oblique crack

From the posterior superior aspect of the lung hilum to the anterior inferior aspect

Divided into upper and lower leaves

right lung

Width and short

Oblique fissure, horizontal fissure of right lung

Divided into upper, middle and lower leaves

A sharp point

apex of lung

bottom

lung base

both sides

Costal surface (the outer surface of the lung adjacent to the ribs and intercostal muscles)

mediastinal surface

Hilum (the inner side of the lung facing the mediastinum, with a depression near the center)

The hilus is the site where the main bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, bronchial blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs

Lung root (the structure leading to and from the hilum of the lung surrounded by connective tissue)

next door

cardiac notch

Left lung uvula

Three fates

trachea

bronchi

left and right main bronchi

Air guide part

lobar bronchi

segmental bronchus

small bronchi

Bronchioles

terminal bronchioles

respiratory department

respiratory bronchioles

alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

Alveoli

Bronchopulmonary segments (branches of the bronchi in each lung segment)

Blood supply to bronchi and lung segments

pulmonary artery

pulmonary veins

bronchial artery

bronchial veins

pleura

parietal pleura

costal pleura

diaphragm pleura

mediastinal pleura

pleural roof

visceral pleura

The two merge below the root of the lung

Forms a triangular fold: pulmonary ligament

Pleural cavity (visceral pleura and parietal pleura migrate to each other at the root of the lung, forming a potentially closed space)

One on the left and one on the left, not connected to each other, with negative pressure and containing a small amount of slurry.

pleural recess

Costophrenic recess (a deep semi-annular space formed at the turning point between the costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura. During deep breathing, the lower edge of the lung cannot penetrate deep into it)

cost mediastinal recess

diaphragmatic mediastinal recess

Body surface projection of pleura and lungs

Anterior pleural boundary body surface projection

8, 10, 11, 12

body surface projection of lungs

midclavicular line

rib 6

Midaxillary line

8th rib

scapular line

rib 10

posterior midline

spinous process of 10th thoracic vertebra

mediastinum

definition

General name for all trachea and tissues between the two sides of the mediastinum

form

Left side, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, short in front and long in back, in sagittal position

superior mediastinum

The upper part is the thoracic opening, and the lower part is the sternal angle to the lower edge of the fourth thoracic vertebral body.

The front is the manubrium of the sternum, and the back is the bodies of thoracic vertebrae 1-4.

inferior mediastinum

pericardium as boundary

anterior mediastinum

Between the body of the sternum and the pericardium

Thymoma, dermoid tumors, and lymphoma are common

middle mediastinum

Heart and great blood vessels

Pericardial cyst is common

posterior mediastinum

Between the pericardium and spine and chest

Bronchial cysts, neuromas, aortic aneurysms and diaphragmatic hernias are common

The mediastinum is divided into upper and lower mediastinum based on the sternal angle plane.

Midline mark of the neck