MindMap Gallery Chapter 28 Unemployment⊙ω⊙
Knowledge points of Mankiw's economic principles - Chapter 28 Unemployment, unemployment rate (unemployment rate) is the percentage of unemployed people in the labor force, unemployment rate = (number of unemployed people/labor force) * 100%.
Edited at 2023-10-31 23:18:25This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
unemployment
Confirmation of unemployment
Measuring unemployment
Bureau of Labor Statistics Statistics
Classification of people over 16 years old
Employed
Unemployed
non labor force
labor force
The total number of workers, including both employed and unemployed people.
Unemployment rate
The percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.
Unemployment rate = (Number of unemployed/labor force)*100%
labor-force participation rate
Labor force as a percentage of adult population.
Labor force participation rate = (labor force/adult population) * 100%
natural rate of unemployment
The normal unemployment rate around which the unemployment rate fluctuates.
cyclical unemployment
The deviation of the unemployment rate from the natural rate of unemployment.
The measurement effect of unemployment rate
workers who have lost confidence
People who want to work but have given up looking for one.
The unemployed have no time to work
Most unemployment is short-term, while most unemployment observed in any given period is long-term.
Why are some people always unemployed?
Frictional unemployment
Unemployment caused by the time it takes for workers to find jobs that best suit their hobbies and skills.
structural unemployment
Unemployment that occurs because the number of jobs available in some labor markets is insufficient to provide a job for everyone who wants to work.
job search
The process of workers finding suitable jobs is determined by their hobbies and skills.
Frictional unemployment is inevitable
Sector Shifts: Changes in the composition of demand across industries or regions
Because the economy is always changing
Public policy and job search
Promoting job search depends on: the speed of information dissemination, public policies, etc.
The government's public policies: 1. Employment information released by government-managed employment agencies 2. Public vocational training for workers
Unemployment insurance
A government program that provides partial income protection to workers when they lose their jobs.
Causes of long-term unemployment
minimum wage laws
(foreign) trade union (a cartel)
A union is an association of workers that negotiates wages, benefits, and working conditions with employers.
Collective bargaining is the process by which unions and businesses agree on employment conditions.
Strike (strike) The union organizes workers to withdraw from the enterprise.
Disadvantages: 1. Invalidate labor allocation 2. Lead to unfairness (union personnel and non-union personnel)
Benefits: Anti-capitalist organization, seeking more benefits for workers
efficiency wage theory
Efficiency wages are wages that companies pay above the equilibrium level in order to increase workers' productivity.
Based on: 1. Worker health and high labor productivity 2. Worker turnover rate to avoid job hopping 3. Worker quality 4. Worker effort
If wages are above the equilibrium level for any reason, careers will result.
Changes in demand for labor
demand
demand ratio
Department conversion
enterprise
Create jobs
eliminate labor jobs
Several groups of people report "unemployment": 1. Workers who have lost confidence 2. People who are indolent and want to get social subsidies for nothing 3. People engaged in underground illegal transactions