Amenorrhea, early pregnancy symptoms (most appear around six weeks after menopause), frequent urination

Pregnancy test (early pregnancy test paper) can detect 10 days after fertilization

Ultrasound examination (confirmation): The examination can only be carried out at the earliest 4 to 5 weeks of pregnancy. The main purpose is to confirm intrauterine pregnancy.

cervical mucus test

Basal body temperature measurement (requires long-term persistence). For women with bidirectional body temperature, the high temperature phase lasts for 18 days after menopause. If there is no decrease, the possibility of early pregnancy is high (for non-pregnant women, the body temperature is affected by the corpus luteum and will decrease after rising)

enlargement of uterus

Fetal movement

After 20 weeks, it can be palpated; after 24 weeks, the fetal head, fetal back, fetal buttocks and fetal limbs can be distinguished by palpation

Normal 110~160 times/min

Location: before 24 weeks of pregnancy, just below the navel or slightly to the left or right. After 24 weeks of pregnancy, the side of the fetal back is related to the body position

Ultrasound examination: Fetal system examination, screening for fetal structural malformations

color doppler ultrasound

health history

Estimated due date: starting from the first day of the last menstrual period, subtract 3 or add 9 to the month, and add 7 to the date (lunar calendar date: add 15 to the date)

Whole body examination: measure blood pressure and weight, assess the growth, development, nutrition, mental state, height and gait of pregnant women, etc.

Obstetric check-up

Psychological assessment: Assessing the pregnant woman’s attitude towards pregnancy and psychological status

Assessment of the support system: Evaluate the attitude of the husband and other family members towards the wife’s pregnancy and the gender of the child, and the family’s economic status

Social assessment: Assess the place of residence, nature of work, labor intensity, and living environment of pregnant women

Nausea and vomiting, frequent urination and urgency, constipation

Increased leucorrhea: obvious in the first 3 months and the last 3 months of pregnancy, which is a normal physiological change during pregnancy. To rule out bacterial infection, keep the vulva clean and dry, and vaginal douching is strictly prohibited

Lower limb edema: Lie on your left side and elevate your lower limbs when resting

Varicose veins of lower limbs and vulva; low back pain; supine hypotension; anemia

Lower limb muscle spasm: local hot compress massage, oral calcium if necessary

Judgment of abnormal symptoms: seek medical attention immediately: vaginal bleeding, continued vomiting after 12 weeks of pregnancy, sudden decrease in fetal movement, etc.

Nutritional guidance, cleanliness and comfort, activity and rest, prenatal education, medication guidance

Important methods of self-monitoring during pregnancy: fetal heart sounds and fetal movement counting

sex life guidance

Recognize threatened labor: A large amount of vaginal fluid suddenly flows out. Instruct the pregnant woman to lie down and send her to the hospital as soon as possible to prevent umbilical cord prolapse and endanger the life of the fetus.

Uterus

ovary

oviduct

vagina, vulva

Early pregnancy: breast swelling, pain, and breast congestion

Nipple enlargement and darkening, areola discoloration

Colostrum is produced when the breasts are squeezed in the third trimester of pregnancy

heart

blood pressure

venous pressure

blood components

The kidney rate increases during pregnancy. The supine position of the pregnant woman increases the urine output, and the nocturnal urine output is more than the daily urine output.

Physiological glycosuria of pregnancy: GFR increases, and the renal tubule's ability to reabsorb glucose cannot increase accordingly.

Frequent urination is prone to occur in the first and last three months of pregnancy

Implantation site: upper front or back wall of the uterine cavity

Composition: amnion, chorion phyllodes (main structure), decidua basalis

Structure: The center is thick and the edges are thin; the maternal surface is rough and dark red; the fetal surface is smooth and off-white.

Function

Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein; cannot be compressed (otherwise it will cause fetal hypoxia and even be life-threatening)

It is an important channel for gas exchange between mother and fetus, supply of nutrients and discharge of metabolic products.

source

absorb

Quantity, properties and ingredients

Function

Pregnancy is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period, usually two weeks before ovulation or fertilization, and three weeks before implantation.

Weekend 8: Fetal heartbeat; Weekend 16: conscious fetal movement; Weekend 24: After birth, respiratory viability is poor; Weekend 28: Susceptible to idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (late lung development); Weekend 32: Viability is acceptable