malnutrition during pregnancy

Rubella during pregnancy, poisoning, endocrine disorders, syphilis, etc.

Trauma during pregnancy, radiation exposure, smoking and drinking, etc.

Extra teeth

congenitally missing teeth

Abnormal tooth size and shape

Abnormal tongue morphology

abnormal lip tie

acute chronic disease

Endocrine disorders

Malnutrition

premature loss of deciduous teeth

Retained deciduous teeth

Sinking of deciduous teeth

Insufficient wear of deciduous canines

premature loss of permanent teeth

Early eruption of permanent teeth

Permanent tooth eruption sequence disorder

Ectopic eruption of permanent teeth

Abnormal sucking function is not considered a bad habit at 2-3 years old and needs to be corrected after 4 years old

Abnormal chewing function

Abnormal respiratory function, adenoidal appearance: mouth breathing, sunken nose, thickened lips, curled upper lip, crowded teeth, protruding upper front teeth, high arch of the jaw

abnormal swallowing

Maxillofacial muscle dysfunction

Thumb sucking habit is normal between the ages of 2 and 3, gradually decreases and disappears between the ages of 4 and 6

Tongue habits: sticking out tongue, sticking out tongue, licking teeth

lip habits

Chewing on one side

Biting habits, partial opening and closing