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lens

Mind map of the lens, lens: fix the optical lens according to the light path position, and accurately connect it with the camera body; optical lens: image the scene on the photoreceptor or film; it also introduces the types, focal length, and aperture knowledge of the lens.

Edited at 2023-10-29 23:42:13

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Outline

lens

Lens Overview

Lens composition

Optical lenses: image the scene on the photoreceptor or film.

lens barrel

Lens: Fix the optical lens according to the light path position, and accurately connect it with the camera body.

Type of lens

1. Convex lens: = "positive lens" "converging lens", divided into "biconvex lens", "plano-convex lens" and "concave-convex lens" according to shape

2. Concave lens: = "negative lens" "divergent lens", divided into "biconcave lens", "plano-concave lens" and "convex-concave lens" according to shape

3. Spherical lens: There is a certain curvature from the center of the lens to the periphery.

4. Aspherical lens: The curvature changes continuously from the center of the lens to the periphery, and it is divided into two types: single-sided and double-sided.

advantage

Overcoming "spherical aberration" can produce a large-aperture, high-image-quality lens, which is one of the factors that determine the quality of a lens.

Comprehensively improve imaging quality

Reduce the weight and length of the lens, which is conducive to lens miniaturization.

It can effectively eliminate deformities caused by wide angle.

Lens Group: Each lens has a different number of lenses

Lens coating: Function: Improve light transmission capability, thereby improving image quality.

focal length

Concept: The distance from the lens to the imaging plane such as film or photoreceptor with clear image, unit: mm.

Categories: ultra wide angle, wide angle, standard, medium focus, telephoto and telephoto.

perspective

concept:

The straight lines drawn from both ends of the object being photographed intersect at the center of the lens. The angle between these two straight lines

effect

1. Picture space; a large angle of view means a wide spatial range, and vice versa.

2. Image size: The larger the viewing angle, the smaller the image, and vice versa.

3. Perspective space: Long focus telephoto compresses the space, and wide angle increases the sense of perspective.

The role of focal length

1. Affects the depth of field: The smaller the F, the greater the depth of field of the image, and vice versa.

2. Affects the size of the image subject: The longer F, the larger the image of the subject, and vice versa.

3. Affects the shooting range: The longer the F, the smaller the shooting range.

aperture

Concept: A device used to control the amount of light entering the film or photoreceptor

Composition: It is composed of several metal sheets, which can be reduced and expanded at will to adapt to different light requirements.

Aperture F value: Aperture F value = lens focal length/lens diameter relative to aperture

Aperture: expressed as the ratio of the maximum aperture diameter to the focal length.

Lens diameter

Effective diameter: The maximum diameter of the lens is also called "effective diameter" and "effective aperture", which indicates the maximum light entrance hole of the lens.

Relative aperture: The series of aperture blades from small to large is called relative aperture.

effect

1. Control exposure: Under the same light intensity, the camera’s exposure is determined by the aperture size and shutter speed.

2. Control the depth of field: the larger the aperture, the smaller the F value, the smaller the depth of field, and the more background blur

Type of lens

Classified by whether the focal length is fixed or not

fixed focus lens

Concept: Specifically refers to a lens with only one fixed focal length, or only one field of view and no zoom function.

advantage

Larger aperture than a zoom lens, making it easier to shoot in low light situations

A fixed-focus wide-angle lens has a smaller minimum focusing distance than a zoom lens covering the corresponding focal length range, which means that it can shoot very close objects and get a large image.

Small size and light weight,

Good imaging

shortcoming

Shooting complex scenes and changing lenses is troublesome

zoom lens

Advantages: Easy to carry, easy to use, no need to constantly change lenses, and no need to run around to shoot the same subject in different scenes.

Disadvantages: Small diameter.

Classified by focal length

Wide-angle lens: A lens with a focal length less than 35mm, a focal length less than 22mm, and a viewing angle greater than 90 degrees is a "super wide-angle lens"

Features

Wide viewing angle range.

The focal length is short and the depth of field is large.

Can emphasize the foreground and highlight the contrast between far and near.

Extremely exaggerated deformation

Fisheye lens: a lens with a focal length of less than 16mm and a viewing angle of about 180 degrees

Features

Large viewing angle, wide shooting range

The sense of perspective is greatly exaggerated

Fish heads and eyes are severely deformed, but dramatic results can be achieved

The first lens protrudes outwards and cannot be used with ordinary filters. Instead, it is a "built-in filter"

Standard lens: focal length is between 40 and 50mm, usually 50mm.

Features

The visuals have a natural intimacy to them.

Medium telephoto lens: a camera lens with a focal length of 85·300mm

The depth of field is small, making it easy to obtain a picture with clear subject and blurred background.

Small viewing angle, able to capture larger images of distant subjects without interfering with the subject

It compresses the perspective of the picture and shortens the distance between the front and rear scenes.

Image distortion is reduced and is widely used in portrait photography

Super telephoto lens: focal length is above 300mm, viewing angle is about eight degrees

Features

More suitable for long-distance shooting than medium telephoto, especially the first choice for shooting sports games or wild animals

Classified by special purpose

Macro lens: a camera lens that specializes in photographing tiny subjects or reproducing small pictures.

Features

The resolution is quite high, the distortion is minimal, the contrast is high, and the color reproduction is good

Can take photos of tiny objects

Tilt-shift lens: Also known as "TS" lens, it is a camera that can adjust the perspective relationship of the camera or focus on the entire area.

Features

The main optical axis of the entire camera lens can be translated, tilted or rotated while the positions of the camera body and film plane remain unchanged to achieve the purpose of adjusting the perspective relationship of the captured image or focusing in the entire area.

effect

Correct perspective distortion of subjects

Achieve full-area focus on the subject, allowing both nearby and distant subjects to form clear images

Catadioptric lens: focal length up to 300·500mm or even 1000mm

Features

It reduces the size, weight and cost. It is a super telephoto lens. Its short and thick shape is more suitable for handheld shooting.

shortcoming

There is only one aperture, and there is insufficient control over the depth of field. When framing the scene, the screen is dark and it is difficult to focus.

Teleconverter lens: also known as teleconverter lens or focal length extender. The function is to increase the length of the original lens and cannot produce imaging alone. Teleconverters can only be used with lenses above 50mm.