A small number of patients with hypertension may develop malignant hypertension. Reasons: a. Water and sodium retention. b. Increased renin.

Heart failure is a common cause of death. The clinical manifestations are the same as those of general heart failure. In some cases, the symptoms are very atypical and only manifest as a sudden decrease in urine output or an increase in edema.

Pericarditis is mostly dialysis related. Caused by uremic toxins. The clinical manifestations are the same as those of general pericarditis, but the pericardial effusion is mostly bloody.

Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death.

Respiratory symptoms: acidosis, deep and long breathing, and excess body fluids can cause pulmonary edema. Uremic toxins can cause uremic pneumonia. Pleurisy or even pleural effusion

Anemia is a must-have symptom of uremia. People with coronary heart disease may suffer from angina pectoris due to anemia.

Bleeding tendencies include skin ecchymosis, epistaxis, menorrhagia, severe bleeding after trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc.

Abnormal white blood cells are prone to infection. WBC count is normal, but granulocytes and lymphocytes are reduced.

Personality changes, depression, memory loss, errors in judgment, and increased neuromuscular excitability may occur. Uremia often causes mental abnormalities, indifference to the outside world, delirium, convulsions, hallucinations, coma, etc.

Blood triglycerides increase, plasma protein decreases, kidney synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 decreases, and hyperparathyroidism occurs. Aluminum deposition can lead to renal bone disease, manifested as bone pain, proximal muscle weakness, fractures, etc. Extraosseous calcification causes itchy skin.

metabolic acidosis

hyperkalemia

Water and sodium metabolism disorders

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders