MindMap Gallery Chapter 6 Bronchial Asthma
Internal Medicine Chapter 1 Respiratory System Diseases Bronchial Asthma, its complications include: pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and atelectasis may occur during an attack; long-term recurrent attacks and infections may be complicated by chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, interstitial Pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, cor pulmonale. .
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Bronchial Asthma
Etiology and pathogenesis
environmental triggers
allergy
airway inflammation
neuro-receptor imbalance
pathology
clinical manifestations
symptom
drowsy
Chest tightness
cough
physical signs
wheeze
signs of bowel hyperinflation
Other signs
complication
The attack may be complicated by pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, and atelectasis; ② Long-term repeated attacks and infections may be complicated by chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary heart disease.
Auxiliary inspection
diagnosis
Diagnose based on
Recurrent wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness or coughing are mostly related to exposure to allergens, cold air, physical or chemical stimulation, viral upper respiratory tract infections, exercise, etc.
During the attack, scattered diffuse wheezing sounds mainly in the expiratory phase can be heard in both lungs, and the expiratory phase is prolonged.
The above symptoms can be treated or resolve on their own.
Those with atypical symptoms should be positive for at least one of the following three items:
①Positive bronchial provocation test or exercise test; ②Positive bronchodilation test; ③Intraday variability rate or diurnal fluctuation rate of expiratory flow peak value ≥20%.
Exclude wheezing, chest tightness and cough caused by other diseases.
Diagnosis of atypical asthma
Cough variant asthma CVA
Chest tightness variant asthma CTVS
latent asthma
Differential diagnosis
cardiogenic asthma
It is common in left heart failure and often has a history and signs of hypertension, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, and mitral stenosis. Paroxysmal cough, often coughing up pink frothy sputum, widespread crackles and wheezes in both lungs, left heart boundary enlargement, heart rate increased, and galloping rhythm heard at the apex of the heart. When the patient's condition allows for a chest X-ray examination, an enlarged heart and signs of pulmonary congestion can be seen. You can first inject aminophylline to relieve symptoms. Do not use epinephrine or morphine as they may cause danger
COPD
It is more common in middle-aged and elderly people with a history of chronic cough, wheezing that has been present for many years, and periods of exacerbation. There are signs of emphysema, and vesicular sounds can be heard in both lungs.
primary bronchial lung cancer
When central lung cancer causes bronchial stenosis accompanied by infection or carcinoid syndrome, wheezing or asthma-like dyspnea may occur. Symptoms of dyspnea and wheezing in lung cancer worsen progressively, often without triggers. Coughing may produce bloody sputum, and cancer cells can be found in the sputum. Chest X-rays, CT or MRI examinations, or bronchoscopy can often confirm the diagnosis.
Pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration
Most of them have a history of exposure to pathogenic agents, and the causes are parasites, pollen, occupational dust, etc. Symptoms are mild, and patients often have fever. Chest X-ray examination shows multiple, recurring thin patchy infiltration shadows, which may disappear or recur spontaneously. Lung tissue biopsy can also help with identification.
treat
Treatment of chronic persistent asthma
Treatment goals and principles
Free from allergens
medical treatement
Develop and adjust treatment plans
Treatment of acute asthma attacks
Management of severe persistent asthma
prevention
Health education and humanistic care