MindMap Gallery Orthodontics 7th edition—Chapter 3 Causes of malocclusion
Adopt a structural expansion method and refine some knowledge points
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Causes of malocclusion
genetic factors
racial evolution
Craniofacial proportions and morphology change due to environmental changes
The proportion and shape of braised noodles have changed due to environmental changes.
Degeneration of masticatory organs shows imbalance
Degeneration of chewing organs due to changes in food structure
ontogeny
Dominated by degenerative genetics
For example: If the father's maxillary dental arch is wide and the mother's maxillary dental arch is narrow. Children's maxillary dental arches are mostly similar to those of their mothers
envirnmental factor
congenital factors
maternal factors
fetal factors
Common congenital developmental malformations of teeth and jaws
Extra teeth
There is no exact time of growth. How close is the permanent dentition to the deciduous dentition?
It is most common in the premaxillary area, that is, the extra teeth between the upper and lower left and right transverse central incisors.
The morphology varies greatly, most of them are conical, followed by nodular type
Children with cleft lip and palate and those with incomplete clavicle development are often accompanied by extra teeth, which can occur singly or in several groups, symmetrically or asymmetrically.
congenitally missing teeth
Abnormal tooth size and shape
Abnormal tooth size
Most common in maxillary lateral incisors and second premolars
Oversized teeth: more common in maxillary central incisors and lateral incisors
Microdentia: more common in maxillary lateral incisors
Abnormal morphology
Most common: conical incisors and canines
Clinically, premolars with missing cusps and mutated molar mandibular teeth can also be seen. The second premolar also has an abnormal shape with two lingual cusps.
Abnormal tongue morphology
macroglossia
Anterior crossbite
Partial or extensive open bite
Microglossia
Narrow dental arch and crowded teeth
abnormal lip tie
Acquired factors
systemic factors
Certain acute and chronic diseases
Endocrine dysfunction
Malnutrition
Local obstacles in deciduous teeth and replacement teeth period
premature loss of deciduous teeth
Retained deciduous teeth
Sinking of deciduous teeth
Insufficient wear of deciduous canines
premature loss of permanent teeth
Early eruption of permanent teeth
Permanent tooth eruption sequence disorder
Normal eruption sequence of permanent teeth
Upper jaw: 6124537
Lower jaw: 6123457
Ectopic eruption of permanent teeth
Ectopic eruption of upper 6 is more common
functional factors
Abnormal sucking function
Breastfeeding or artificial feeding. Due to improper positioning of the bottle, inappropriate nipple size, and improper feeding posture, the front part of the mandible is insufficient or excessive, resulting in mandibular retrusion or mandibular protrusion.
Abnormal chewing function
Abnormal respiratory function
abnormal swallowing
Other maxillofacial muscle dysfunction
bad oral habits
thumb sucking habit
Babies often have water habits when they are 3 to 4 months old. Generally, they can be regarded as normal physiological activities before the age of two or three. They disappear on their own between the ages of 4 and 6 years old. However, thumb sucking habits should be corrected in time when they occur.
Important signs to determine whether there is a thumb-sucking habit: calluses on the fingers, bending of the fingers
Tongue habits
lip habits
Lower lip biting habit
Maxillary anterior teeth labial inclination, protrusion, maxillary dentition space
Crowding in the front teeth of the mandible, deep overbite of the front teeth, retrusion of the mandible, open lips and exposed teeth
The habit of biting your upper lip
Anterior crossbite, blue tongue of maxillary anterior teeth, mandibular protrusion, mesial malocclusion
Covering lower lip habit
Increase the labial inclination of the maxillary anterior teeth and the distal malocclusion of the mandible
Chewing habits on one side
Long-term lateral chewing can cause facial and jaw structure asymmetry
Biting habits
Usually the habit disappears on its own
Retention of habits leads to local opening and closing
trauma
or
Upper jaw: 6124357
Lower jaw: 6124357