MindMap Gallery Esophageal cancer
Mind map of esophageal cancer. Its early clinical manifestations include swallowing discomfort: slow passage of food, stagnation, foreign body sensation, and burning and needle-like pain behind the sternum.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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Esophageal disease
Anatomy
Cricoid cartilage: the muscular organ between the pharynx and stomach
adjacent to
Front: trachea, pericardium→esophageal cancer invades the pericardium
Posterior: spine
3 anatomical strictures
Esophageal entrance
tracheal bifurcation
lower esophageal sphincter
15cm, 25cm, 40cm from the front teeth respectively
segmentation
neck segment
Entrance → sternal notch
20cm
Thoracic segment
Upper segment: sternal notch → lower edge of azygos vein arch
25cm
Middle section: lower edge of azygos vein → lower edge of inferior pulmonary vein
30cm
Lower segment: lower edge of inferior pulmonary vein → esophageal hiatus
40cm
abdominal segment
42cm
Esophageal cancer
pathology
parts
Midchest (most common)
Lower section > Upper section
Histopathology
Squamous cell carcinoma (most common)
Adenocarcinoma (related to Barrett's esophagus)
Gross pathology
Intermediate and advanced esophageal cancer
Medullary type [most common]
mushroom type
Mushroom-like protrusions into the cavity
Ulcerative type
Retrosternal pain is prone to occur, and the degree of obstruction is mild
Narrow type
Involves the entire circumference of the esophagus, and symptoms of obstruction appear early
transfer
Mainly via lymphatic route
Hematogenous metastasis is late
clinical manifestations
early performance
Symptoms are not obvious
Swallowing discomfort: slow passage of food, stagnation, foreign body sensation, burning and pins-like pain behind the sternum
★Mid and late performance
Progressive dysphagia (most typical)
persistent chest or back pain
Invasion of extraesophageal tissue
hoarse voice
recurrent laryngeal nerve
Esophagotracheal fistula
Respiratory system infection, severe choking and coughing when swallowing
Cachexia
examine
Esophageal mesh examination (screening)
Gastroscopy (most valuable)
barium esophagogram
Early days
Mucosal folds are disordered, rough, and interrupted
small filling defect
small niche shadow
Localized tube wall stiffness and interruption of peristalsis
Middle and late period
Obvious irregular stenosis and filling defect
tube wall stiffness
Esophageal dilation above stricture
Iodine staining
Normal: brown-black
Tumor tissue: yellow
Glycogen in cancer cells is consumed and cannot react with iodine
treat
Early and precancerous lesions
Endoscopic treatment
Surgical treatment (preferred treatment)
Complete tumor resection, digestive tract reconstruction, lymph node dissection
Digestive tract reconstruction
Most commonly used in the stomach
Anastomosis site
Lower esophageal cancer: supraaortic arch
Middle and upper esophageal cancer: neck
Contraindications
Lesions that invade the aorta and trachea
Poor cardiopulmonary function or combined with other serious diseases
Radiation therapy (cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer)
Gastrostomy (palliative care)
central theme