Microorganisms are a general term for microorganisms with single-cell, multi-cell and acellular structures that are tiny, difficult to see with the naked eye and have relatively simple structures.

(1) Small size and large area; (most importantly) (2) Absorption is large and conversion is fast; (3) Growth is strong and reproduction is fast; (4) Adaptability is strong and mutation is fast; (5) Wide distribution and many species

Microbiology is one of the branches of biology. It studies the morphological structure, growth and reproduction, physiological metabolism, genetic variation, ecological distribution, evolution and classification of microorganisms and other life activity rules at the molecular, cellular or population level. subjects.

prehistoric period

stages of morphological development

Physiological stages of development

Development stages of molecular biology

Bacteria (eubacteria, archaea), actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia, etc.

Fungi (yeast, mold, mushrooms), protozoa, microscopic algae, etc.

Viruses, subviruses (viroids, pseudoviruses, ryanviruses)

The individuals are tiny (bacteria are measured in μm, viruses are measured in nm), but their shapes are different, with cell walls, flagella The structures are different

Utilize diverse substrates, diverse metabolic methods, diverse metabolic pathways, diverse metabolic intermediates and final products, and large differences in metabolic rates

In addition to DNA, plasmids and RNA can also carry genetic information; there are various reproduction methods; the mutation frequency is high, up to 10^-5~10^-10

Such as heat resistance, acid resistance, pressure resistance, toxicity resistance and other resistances

There are 100,000 species of microorganisms identified so far, and we probably know less than 10% of what exists in nature

Microorganisms are widely distributed in nature