Feel

perception

awareness, attention

memory

thinking

language

motivations and emotions

Ability and personality

time course

The relationship between various psychological phenomena

The relationship between brain and psychological phenomena

Evolutionary Psychology, Developmental Psychology

regular contact

describe, explain (reveal cause and effect)

prediction, control

Describe phenomena and formulate hypotheses Excellent: ① easy to understand directly ② understand the real situation Lack: repeated verification ② unable to explore causal relationships ③ objects that do not need to be studied appear ④ subject to subjective influence

Quickly understand psychological quality, standardization (reliability, validity)

Looking for covariation relationships Excellent: Co-variation relationships can be quickly discovered Disadvantage: Unable to explore cause and effect relationships

reveal cause and effect Excellent: ① Easy to discover causal relationships ② Easy to verify repeatedly Disadvantage: Subjective

Pay close attention to the individual cannot be promoted

Subjectively influenced by researchers, unable to reveal causal relationships

Rationalism

empiricism

Wundt, Titchener Advocates that human direct experience is consciousness (feelings, representations and emotions) Combining introspection and experimentation Also known as "elementalism", fragmentation

Beauty James Advocates research awareness, with pragmatism Excellent: Promoting psychology into practical life Cons: Difficult to quantify

Watson, Skinner Advocates the use of experimental methods to observe explicit behavior; advocates "environmental determinism" Excellent: Quickly find causal relationships and easy to quantify Shortcomings: narrowed the scope of psychological research; exaggerated the role of environment, extreme

The whole precedes the parts and the whole is greater than the parts

Vienna, Austria. Freud Studying the unconscious in personality Early termed "unconscious theory"