cause human disease

can produce autocoagulase

Phage typing

Gram-positive, spherical or oval, arranged in grape clusters, without flagella, without spores, and generally does not form a capsule

Aerobic or facultative anaerobic, low nutritional requirements, most strains are highly salt-tolerant, resistant to drying, produce pigments, and have a transparent β-hemolytic ring

100-150g/LNaCl medium can grow, catalase positive, oxidase negative

Hemolysis on blood agar plates

The antigen structure (C antigen) is different

Gram-positive, spherical or oval, chain-like arrangement, no tooth cells, no flagella, capsule

High nutritional requirements, blood or serum glucose, amino acids, vitamins, etc. need to be added to the culture medium. Most are facultative anaerobics, a few are obligate anaerobics, the optimal temperature is 35, and characteristic hemolysis phenomenon

Streptococcus pneumoniae cells are spear-shaped, arranged in pairs, CO2 can promote its growth, have a grass-green hemolytic ring, and produce autolytic enzyme umbilical fossa-shaped colonies.

Biochemical properties

Gram-positive, spores-free, capsule-free

Facultative anaerobic, able to grow at 10-45°C, tolerant to high salt (65% sodium chloride medium) and high alkali (pH 5.6 broth)

Biochemical properties

Resistant to cephalosporins, lincomycins, and sulfa antibiotics

Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

the remaining

Gram-negative, diplococcus, kidney-shaped or coffee bean-shaped, concave opposite, no spores, no flagella

High nutritional requirements. Blood or serum needs to be added to the culture medium to grow. It will not grow below 30°C.

Obligately aerobic, sensitive to hot and cold drying and disinfectants → Specimens should be kept warm and moisturized and quickly sent for inspection

Neisseria meningitidis: blood agar plate or chocolate agar plate, 5% carbon dioxide, round convex, smooth and moist, neat edges, transparent, dew-shaped colonies

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: chocolate-colored flat plates, round convex, gray-white, opaque, smooth colonies. autolytic

Biochemical properties

Gram-negative, diplococci, Neisseria-like, non-spored, non-capsulated, non-flagellated

The nutritional requirements are not high and it grows well at 22°C. It grows better on blood agar plates and chocolate agar plates.

Blood agar plate has round, convex, smooth, gray and opaque bacterial colonies; if the culture continues, the surface of the colonies will be dry and hard, and the colonies can move as a whole on the surface of the culture medium with the push of the inoculation loop. Not easy to emulsify, self-coagulating in physiological saline

Biochemical properties

Positive

Negative