MindMap Gallery Chapter 12 Heterocycles and Alkaloids
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Edited at 2023-10-24 10:52:35This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Chapter 12 Heterocycles and Alkaloids
Heterocyclic compounds
Important Rings (Picture)
Pyrrole
Furans
Thiophene
Five-membered ring rich electronics
Easy to react, α-position substitution
N atoms have electron-donating conjugation effect
Pyridine
lack of electrons
Difficult to react, β-position substitution
Only one electron on nitrogen participates in conjugation, and N has a strong ability to attract electrons. The density of the electron cloud on C decreases.
Furfural
α-furancarbaldehyde
name
OSN sequence number
structure
All are aromatic, non-benzene aromatic heterocycles
nature
physics
Chemical
electrophilic substitution reaction
Halogenated
Rich: low temperature - 40℃, substitute α position, substitute all at room temperature
Missing: AlCl3,100℃
Nitrification
Acetyl Nitrate, Low Temperature
Concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, high temperature and long time
sulfonation
Furan and pyrrole are sensitive to acid, use sulfur trioxide and pyridine
Thiophene at room temperature, concentrated sulfuric acid
Can remove thiophene from benzene
Pyridine oleum Mercury sulfate high temperature
Friedel-Crafts reaction
picture
No reaction due to lack of electrons
Acidity and alkalinity
Pyridine
Basic (cyclic tertiary amine)
Pyrrole
Weakly acidic
oxidation reaction
Nitric acid heating
The outside of the heterocyclic ring is oxidized
Electron-deficient stability
reduction reaction
Easier than benzene, H2 Pt at normal temperature and pressure
D-A reaction
Furan and pyrrole are poorly aromatic and exhibit the properties of conjugated dienes.
represent
229
alkaloids
Nitrogen-containing alkaline organic compounds with strong physiological functions
Most of them are optically active and can develop color or precipitate when reacting with biological reagents.
235