International Business Department: with comprehensive franchise

Global product structure: Various product departments are set up around the world, and each product department is fully responsible for the global planning, management and control of its products.

Global regional structure: With regions as units, regional divisions are set up to engage in operations, and each regional division is responsible to the president of the company.

Global functional structure: Set up functional departments around the company's main functions such as production, sales, R&D, and finance.

Global hybrid structure: An organizational structure formed by a company combining two or more of the above organizational structures to set up divisions

Matrix organizational structure: cross-management and control of the company's business, regional management and product management coexist

Export mode: indirect export, direct export

Licensing model: From the perspective of authorized content, it is divided into patent license, trademark license, and proprietary technology transfer (license); according to the geographical scope of the technology used and the size of the right to use, it is divided into exclusive license, exclusive license, general license, and sub-license , cross-licensing

International direct investment model: From the perspective of establishment method, it is divided into acquisition and new establishment; from the perspective of the degree of control of the parent company over the subsidiary, it is divided into sole proprietorship and joint venture.

Multinational companies with a global standardization strategy emphasize improving profitability and reducing costs through economies of scale, learning effects and location economies, that is, low-cost strategy

Multinational companies with a localization strategy provide products that are consistent with consumer interests and preferences in the markets of different countries.

Transnational strategy not only considers cost reduction to form experience-based cost-effectiveness and location-effectiveness, but also pays attention to the needs of the host country market.

Multinational companies with international strategies often produce products for the domestic market first, and then make slight changes based on the conditions in other regions and sell the products to various markets.

An international joint venture refers to an enterprise established in the territory of the host country in accordance with the relevant laws of the host country in which foreign investors and investors from the host country jointly contribute capital for a common investment project. It is the most common form of international direct investment.

International cooperative enterprises refer to enterprises jointly established by foreign investors and investors from the host country in accordance with the laws of the host country on the basis of signing a contract.

An international wholly-owned enterprise refers to an enterprise established in the host country by foreign investors in accordance with the laws of the host country and all capital is owned by the foreign investor.

Motives for international direct investment: market-oriented motives, cost reduction-oriented motives, technology and management-oriented motives, diversified investment risk-oriented motives, preferential policy-oriented motives

Theories of international direct investment: product life cycle theory (Vernon), marginal industry expansion theory (Kiyoshi Kojima), international production eclectic theory (Dunning)

Host Country Benefits, Costs and Policy Tools

Home country benefits, costs and policy instruments

Ping An Insurance: Mainly related to the scope of maritime risks, including sacrifices and allocations caused by general average, rescue costs, etc., excluding partial losses caused only by natural disasters.

Water damage insurance = Ping An insurance Partial losses caused by natural disasters

All risks = water damage insurance general additional insurance