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MindMap Gallery Bacterial biochemical identification techniques

Bacterial biochemical identification techniques

Mind map of biochemical identification techniques of bacteria, specifically including carbohydrate metabolism test, protein and amino acid metabolism test, carbon source utilization test, respiratory enzyme test, and other commonly used tests for biochemical or identification of bacteria.

Edited at 2023-10-22 22:47:29

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Bacterial biochemical identification techniques

carbohydrate metabolism test

Glycoside alcohol fermentation test (the most important and basic test)

Identification of Enterobacteriaceae is particularly important

Escherichia coli can ferment glucose and lactose, while Salmonella only ferments glucose but not lactose.

Both Escherichia coli and Shigella ferment glucose, but the former produces acid and gas, while the latter only produces acid.

Oxidation-fermentation test (O-F test)

Mainly used for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae and other non-fermenting bacteria

Oxidative type: Oxygen molecules must be involved → Obligate aerobes

Fermentation type: can degrade glucose anaerobically → facultative anaerobic bacteria

Alkali-producing type: does not ferment glucose

Beta-galactosidase test (ONPG test)

Used for the identification of Citrobacter, Arizonan, and Salmonella

Positive ONPG test for bacteria that rapidly and slowly decompose lactose, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Klebsiella spp.

Bacteria that do not ferment lactose, such as Salmonella and Proteus, are negative.

Esculin hydrolysis test

Mainly used to identify group D streptococci from other streptococci

Enterococcus faecalis esculin test positive

Streptococcus pneumoniae negative

Methyl red test (MR test)

Mainly used for the identification of Escherichia coli (positive) and Enterobacter aerogenes (negative)

V-P test

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism Test

Indole test

Tryptophanase → red indole, mainly used for identification of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria

Hydrogen sulfide test

Decompose sulfur-containing amino acids such as cystine and cysteine → black sulfide, mainly used for identification of genera and families in Enterobacteriaceae

Urease test

Produce urease → turn phenol red red, mainly used for identification of Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia in Enterobacteriaceae

Phenylalanine deaminase test

Produce phenylalanine deaminase → green compound, mainly used for identification of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria

Positive for Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia

Other Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were negative

Amino acid decarboxylase test

Carbon source utilization test

Citrate utilization test

Identification of Enterobacteriaceae genera

malonate utilization test

Differentiation between Enterobacteriaceae genera

Acetate Utilization Test

In Enterobacteriaceae, the genus Escherichia is positive and the genus Shigella is negative.

Hippurate hydrolysis test

Identification of Streptococci

Group B streptococci break down sodium hippurate, positive

Other streptococci are negative

Acetamide Utilization Test

Identification of non-fermenting bacteria

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes denitrifying bacteria, Pseudomonas acidivorus, positive

Most other non-fermenting bacteria are Yin

respiratory enzyme test

Oxidase test

Identification of Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting bacteria

When using xylene hydrochloride to phenylenediamine, the color will be purple → yang

When using tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine hydrochloride, blue → positive

Catalase test (catalytic enzyme test)

Preliminary grouping of Gram-positive cocci

There are a lot of bubbles → Yang, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus

No bubbles → Yin, Kingella

Nitrate reduction test

red→yang

Other commonly used tests for biochemical or identification of bacteria

coagulase test

As an important indicator for identifying the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus

Combined coagulase → slide method

Free coagulase→test tube method

Lecithinase test

Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria

DNase test

Bile bacteriolysis test

Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae (positive) and Streptococcus alpha (negative)

CAMP test

Identification of Group B Streptococcus (Positive)

Can be used as a specific identification

Potassium hydroxide drawing test

Identification of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria that are prone to decolorization

Bacitracin test

Differentiating Group A Streptococci from Other Streptococci

Optochin test

Differentiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from other streptococci

O/129 antibacterial test

Intergeneric identification of Vibrionaceae

Compound biochemical test

Krebs disaccharide iron or triple sugar iron agar test

Fermentation of glucose and lactose → both the slope and the bottom layer turn yellow

Fermentation of glucose does not ferment lactose → red on the slope and yellow on the bottom

Gas production→crack

Decompose sulfur-containing amino acids → black precipitate

Dynamic-Indigo Matrix-Ureamycin Test MIU