1. With the development of social productivity and the increase in the number and scale of enterprises, enterprise management has gradually shifted from traditional experience management to scientific management.

2. Capital’s control over labor has evolved from incomplete control to improved corporate management methods.

Reason 1: Improper use of labor, including unreasonable distribution of work and incorrect labor methods

Reason 2: Due to workers’ nature and salary reasons, workers are unwilling to work or do not want to work more

Reason three: Problems in enterprise production organization and management

Fayol believes that operation and management are two different concepts, and management is only a part of operation.

business

1. Division of labor

2. Powers and responsibilities

3. Discipline

4. Unified command

5. Unified leadership

6. Individual interests are subordinated to overall interests.

7. Remuneration of personnel

8. Concentrate

9. Hierarchy

10. Order

11. Fairness

12. Stable personnel

13. Pioneer spirit

14. Unity of personnel

1. Plan

2. Organization

3. Command

4. Coordination

5. Control

Bureaucracy or bureaucracy, also usually translated as bureaucracy or bureaucracy, is an ideal organizational system that is managed through public offices or positions rather than through hereditary or personal charisma.

Weber pointed out that bureaucratic organizations are established and organized according to the following rules:

1. Traditional power

2. Personal charisma power

3. Legal power

Barnard believes that the relationship between the enterprise portfolio and other members should be regarded as a collaborative social system

1. The organization is a collaborative system

2. Three basic elements of collaboration system

3. Functions of managers

According to the contingency school of thought, there is a functional relationship between management techniques and methods and environmental factors, and enterprise management must change with changes in the environment.

1. Management is decision-making, and decision-making runs through the entire management process.

2. Decision-making process

3. Criteria for decision-making

4. Programmed decision-making and non-programmed decision-making

1. Organizational coordination mechanism

2. Basic components of the organization

3. Basic form of organizational structure

2) Mechanical organization

1) Organization members are economic persons

2) The organization is a system that pursues economic benefits

3) An organization is a human-machine system composed of humans as operators and material and technical equipment.

4) The organization is a decision-making network

The technical environment requires the effectiveness of organizational activities, which means choosing appropriate methods and procedures corresponding to the level of social and technological development to rationally organize internal activities so that organizational resources can be used as effectively as possible. In management research, more and more new institutional schools of organizational research in sociology are cited, analyzing the convergence phenomenon of organizations from the perspective of the influence of [institutional environment], and using [the logic of legitimacy] to explain the phenomenon of organizational convergence. generation mechanism

The legitimacy mechanism is an important logic for the new institutional school to explain the phenomenon of organizational convergence.

Legitimacy mechanism refers to the mechanism by which the institutional environment induces or forces organizations to adopt organizational structures and behaviors that are recognized by the outside world.

"Strong meaning" - emphasizes that organizational behavior and organizational forms are shaped by the system, and the organization or individual itself has no independent choice

"Weak meaning" - the belief that institutions induce convergent choices in organizations and their members through incentive mechanisms

Douglas, three mechanisms contribute to the naturalization or supernaturalization of institutions or ideas:

dimaggio and powell

1) Organize around results rather than tasks

2) Involve the people who will use the end product of the process in the process

3) Incorporate information processing work into the work that actually generates information

4) For geographically dispersed resources, treat and handle them as if they were concentrated together.

5) Link parallel activities rather than integrating tasks

6) Make decisions where the work is done and integrate control into the process

7) Instantly grasp information from information sources

1) Concept reconstruction

2) Process reengineering

3) Organizational reengineering

4) Pilot and switch

5) Achieve vision and goals