Definition: The cations generated when these acids are ionized in water are all the same type of particles. This particle is a hydrogen ion, and the anion produced by ionization is called the acid ion of the acid.

react with indicator

Reaction with salt: acid + salt = new acid + new salt

Reaction with metal oxides: acid + metal oxide = salt + water

Reacts with active metals: acid + metal = salt + water

Reaction with base: acid + base = salt + water

hydrochloric acid

sulfuric acid

Nitric acid

Definition: The anions generated when a base ionizes in water are all the same kind of particles. This particle is a hydroxide ion

react with indicator

Alkali + salt = new salt + new base

Alkali + non-metal oxide = salt + water

Base + acid = salt + water

Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda, sodium hydroxide) absorbs carbon dioxide

Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime, slaked lime) to detect carbon dioxide

Note 1: Test gas, test paper is wet

Note 2: Insoluble, no discoloration

Definition: Substances that can show different colors in acidic or alkaline solutions

Ph is an indicator of the acidity and alkalinity of reactive substances, ranging from 0 to 14

Usage process: 1. Dip 2. Drop 3. Control 4. Confirm

Note 1: PH test paper cannot be wetted with water, otherwise it will be diluted

Note 2: It means that the liquid to be tested cannot be put directly into the liquid to be tested, otherwise it will contaminate the reagent of the liquid to be tested.

Note 3: Ph test paper can only roughly determine the acidity and alkalinity of a solution.

Definition: The reactants must be acids and bases, and the products must be salts and water.

Exothermic reaction

Note

A small amount is just too much

Definition: When an acid reacts with a base, the resulting substance, except water, can be called a salt.

Sodium carbonate (soda ash, soda)

Calcium carbonate (marble, limestone)

table salt sodium chloride

Preparation of salt

Salt and Fertilizer

Definition: A reaction in which a compound exchanges components to form a new compound is a metathesis reaction.

condition